Factors related to the frequent use of emergency department services in Korea.

Background: Frequent Emergency Department (ED) visitors are identified by the policymakers to reduce avoidable ED visits and lessen the financial and operational burden. This study aimed to identify the factors related to the frequent use of ED services.

Methods: This nationwide, cross-sectional observational study was conducted using information obtained from the 2019 National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) database.

β1-integrin-dependent migration of microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein.

Chronic neuroinflammation is an integral pathological feature of major neurodegenerative diseases. The recruitment of microglia to affected brain regions and the activation of these cells are the major events leading to disease-associated neuroinflammation. In a previous study, we showed that neuron-released α-synuclein can activate microglia through activating the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway, resulting in proinflammatory responses.