Resource Utilization of Residual Organic Sludge Generated from Bioenergy Facilities Using Larvae.

Residual organic sludge generated from bioenergy facilities (BF-rOS) is often disposed instead of recycled, thus contributing to further environmental pollution. This study explored the resource utilization of BF-rOS using larvae (BSFL). When BF-rOS was fed to BSFL for two weeks, the dry weight per individual BSFL was approximately 15% of that of BSFL that were fed food waste (FW).

Skin Anti-Aging Potential through Whitening and Wrinkle Improvement Using Fermented Oil Derived from Larvae.

As the aging population increases, so has interest among emerging seniors in anti-aging ingredients that enhance functionality by incorporating fermentation with natural materials. In this study, fermentation conditions for enhancing the functionality of larvae oil (HIO) were established, and its anti-aging potential was evaluated. First, the lipase activity and amount of lipid degradation products of the fermentation strains were measured in order to select and as the strains with high fermentation ability.

Development of Optimized Feed for Lipid Gain in (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae.

Super mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenbrionidea) larvae (ZML) are being investigated as potential candidates for biodiesel production. Several studies have revealed that the crude fat content of ZML can be enhanced by increasing the feed consumed. We aimed to develop an optimized ZML feed that enhances the lipid gain using 10 different ingredients.

Prediction of intestinal stem cell regulatory genes from Drosophila gut damage model created using multiple inducers: Differential gene expression-based protein-protein interaction network analysis.

Intestinal tissue functions in innate immunity to prevent the entry of harmful substances, and to maintain homeostasis through the constant proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISC). To understand the mechanisms which regulate ISC in response to gut damage, we identified 81 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA-seq analysis after oral administration of three intestinal-damaging substances to Drosophila melanogaster. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional annotation studies, the top 22 DEGs ordered by the number of nodes in the PPI network were analyzed in relation to cell development.

Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide-Overexpressed Larvae Extract as a Natural Preservative for Korean Traditional Sauces.

Here, we aimed to produce a natural food preservative using a crude extract from edible, immunized larvae (iTME), injected with edible bacteria using an edible solvent. Results showed that iTME had concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against food-poisoning bacteria , , and , as well as against harmful fungi , , and . Moreover, iTME showed antimicrobial activity against beneficial microorganisms and , but not .

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms.

(black soldier fly) larvae (HIL) are considered useful industrial insects for the production of feed for livestock, eco-friendly fertilizer from organic wastes, and biodiesel. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity in the extract of crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production. The result showed that antimicrobial activity was not fully induced in HIL fed -containing feed.

Optimization of Feed Components to Improve Growth and Development of Oil Extractor to Produce Biodiesel.

HIL are useful in agriculture because they can be used as feed for livestock or fertilizer and can bioconvert organic wastes, such as food waste and human and animal manure to usable fertilizer. In addition, HIL are being studied as a source of biodiesel because of their high-fat content. However, their use for biodiesel production has not been fully adopted.

Effect of Feed Containing Larvae Immunized by Injection on the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout ().

We investigated the effects of a feed containing larvae injected with bacteria on the growth and immunity of . The feed was prepared by replacing fishmeal in feed with 25 and 50% nonimmunized (HIL25, HIL50) or immunized HIL (ImHIL25, ImHIL50), and its protein:fat:carbohydrate ratio was 45:15:18. ImHIL extracts showed inhibitory activity against fish pathogenic bacteria.

Allomyrina dichotoma larval extract has protective effects against gut permeability of dextran sulfate sodium-fed Drosophila by E-cadherin and armadillo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Larvae of the rhinoceros beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) (ADL) are used ethnopharmacologically to treat gut-related disorders in Korea and China since 1596 and are also approved as a safe novel food with high nutritional value.

Aim Of The Study: We investigated the protective effects of ADL extract against leaky gut disease using a Drosophila model and sought to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: We examined the protective effects of ADL extract (2 mg/mL) against the leaky gut disease using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced leaky gut Drosophila melanogaster model.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of an Extract of -Infected Larvae Produced Using an Automatic Injection System.

In the present study, we developed an automatic mass-injection system (AMIS) to produce an extract of infected larvae (iHIL-E) and then evaluated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressions and assessed the antimicrobial activity of iHIL-E against various pathogens and species. AMP gene expressions were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the antimicrobial activities of iHIL-E were estimated using a radial diffusion assay and by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations. Results showed that the antimicrobial activity of HIL extract was effectively enhanced by infection and that the gene expressions of cecropin 3 and defensin 3 (antimicrobial peptides) were up-regulated.

Antimicrobial Activity of an Extract of Larvae Immunized with against Species.

The expressions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the larvae of the black soldier fly, , were significantly increased by pathogen or stimulant induced innate immunity activation. We immunized fifth instar larvae with five different species, that is, , , , , or , to induce the mass production of AMPs and selected optimal immune inducers. Antimicrobial activities in hemolymph and larvae (HIL) extract were evaluated against three species (, , and ).

In Vitro Protective Effect of Paste and Sauce Extract Made with Larvae on HepG2 Cells Damaged by Ethanol.

We made paste and sauce using protein-rich larvae (PBL) and evaluated their fermentation levels. After pretreatment with the paste and sauce extracts, HepG2 cells were damaged with ethanol (EtOH), and then the effects of the paste and sauce were evaluated. As a result, we confirmed that the PBL paste and sauce extracts reduced the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) content in the medium as compared to soybean () sauce and paste extracts.

Dataset for TiN Thin Films Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition Using Tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) and Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl) Precursor.

A dataset in this report is regarding an article "Ultrathin Effective TiN Protective Films Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition for High Performance Metallic Bipolar Plates of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells" [1]. TiN (Titanium Nitride) thin films were deposited by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) method using well known two types of precursor: using tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl), and plasma. Summarized reports, growth characteristics (growth rate as a function of each precursor pulse time, plasma power, precursor and plasma purge time, thickness depending on the number of PEALD cycles), each precursor structural information and the atomic force micrographs (AFM) data are herein demonstrated.

Toxicological safety evaluation of freeze-dried larva powder.

White-spotted flower chafer () is an edible insect and its larva was used as a traditional Asian medicine. It's a promising material as a novel food source because of its nutritional components. In this study, as part of the preclinical toxicity program, we evaluated the toxicity of freeze-dried larva powder to develop a novel food material.

BACE1 Inhibition by Genistein: Biological Evaluation, Kinetic Analysis, and Molecular Docking Simulation.

β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) plays a role in generating amyloid β (Aβ), thus playing a major part early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 has emerged as a crucial therapeutic target for decreasing the Aβ concentration in the AD brain. To explore natural BACE1 inhibitors, the present study concentrated on isoflavones, including genistein, formononetin, glycitein, daidzein, and puerarin.

Outcomes of patients treated with Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for uncontrolled variceal hemorrhage.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the mortality, bleeding control rate, and their associated predictors in patients treated with Sengstaken-Blakemore (SB) tube for uncontrolled variceal hemorrhage associated with hemodynamic instability or failure of endoscopic treatment.

Methods: The clinical data of 66 consecutive patients with uncontrolled variceal hemorrhage treated with SB tube at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from October 2010 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The overall success rate of initial hemostasis with SB tube was 75.

Central Administration of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Attenuates Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulates Food Intake and Body Weight in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

The -glucosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), is widely used for its antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Researchers have demonstrated that DNJ regulates body weight by increasing adiponectin levels, which affects energy intake and prevents diet-induced obesity. However, the mechanism by which centrally administered DNJ exerts anorexigenic effects has not been studied until now.

A novel role for earthworm peptide Lumbricusin as a regulator of neuroinflammation.

Recently, we reported that Lumbricusin, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, enhanced neuronal proliferation and ameliorated motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that neurodegeneration is the primary pathological feature of acute or chronic inflammation mediated by microglia, the resident macrophage of the central nervous system. Therefore, microglial activation inhibitors may be useful as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.

Reverse Left Ventricular Remodelling in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Incidence, Predictors, and Impact on Outcome.

Backgroud: We investigated reverse left ventricular remodelling (r-LVR), defined as a reduction of >10% in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) during follow-up, in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Methods: STEMI patients (n=1,237) undergoing PPCI with echocardiography at baseline and 6-month follow-up were classified into r-LVR (n=466) and no r-LVR groups (n=771). The primary outcome was composite major adverse cardiac events (MACE; all-cause death, myocardial infarction, any revascularisation).

Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit Adipogenesis through AMPK and MAPKs Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Despite the increasing interest in insect-based bioactive products, the biological activities of these products are rarely studied adequately. Larvae of , the yellow mealworm, have been eaten as a traditional food and provide many health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesized that larvae might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders.

[A Case of Composite Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis Caused by Chronic Hepatitis B].

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) is rare and its origin is not clearly understood. The coexistence of PHNEC and hepaotcellular carcinoma has been reported in only a few cases. We report a rare case of combined PHNEC and hepaotcellular carcinoma in a patient with liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis B that resulted in aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.

De Novo Transcriptome Analysis and Detection of Antimicrobial Peptides of the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus).

Cockroaches are surrogate hosts for microbes that cause many human diseases. In spite of their generally destructive nature, cockroaches have recently been found to harbor potentially beneficial and medically useful substances such as drugs and allergens. However, genomic information for the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is currently unavailable; therefore, transcriptome and gene expression profiling is needed as an important resource to better understand the fundamental biological mechanisms of this species, which would be particularly useful for the selection of novel antimicrobial peptides.

Erratum to "Evaluation of Genotoxicity and 28-day Oral Dose Toxicity on Freeze-dried Powder of Tenebrio molitor Larvae (Yellow Mealworm)" [ Toxicol. Res. 30 (2014) 121-130 ].

[This corrects the article on p. 121 in vol. 30, PMID: 25071922.