Astemizole, a Second-Generation Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist, Did Not Attenuate the Aggregation Process of α-Synuclein In Vitro.

The antihistamine astemizole has shown disease-modifying effects in several preclinical disease models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Astemizole also interacts with an anomalous aggregation of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and has inhibitory activity on the human prion protein PrP. We hypothesized that the proposed preclinical benefits of astemizole on PD can be associated with the attenuation of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation.

Delayed fatal rupture of vertebral artery after treated with flow-diverter in fibromuscular dysplasia patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a noninflammatory arterial diseases that affects predominantly women. Multiple studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of FMD in patients who experience carotid or vertebral artery dissection (VAD). This case report presents a 57-year-old female who presented with a headache and was diagnosed with partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of vertebral artery.

Could A1 Aplasia or Hypoplasia Affect the Morphology and Rupture Risk of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm?

Objective: Anterior communicating artery (Acom) aneurysm is one of the most common intracranial aneurysms, constituting approximately 30-35% of all aneurysm formation in the brain. Anatomically, the H-complex (the anatomic morphology of both A1 to A2 segments) is thought to affects the nature of the Acom aneurysm due to its close relationship with the hemodynamics of the vessel. Therefore, we investigated the relative risk factors of aneurysmal rupture, especially focusing on H-complex morphology of the Acom.

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury : The Epidemiology in Korea.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death in the pediatric population in Korea. In addition, it can cause disability in children and adolescents, with physical and mental consequences. This causes a substantial burden on the health care system and occurs globally and not just in Korea.

Premammillary artery infarction after microsurgical clipping of unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm: risk factors and surgical and anatomical considerations.

Posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is common and sometimes requires microsurgery; however, as data on premammillary artery (PMA) infarction after clipping is scarce, we retrospectively reviewed cases of post-clipping PMA infarction to analyze incidence, independent risk factors of infarction, and anatomical considerations. Data from 569 consecutive patients who underwent microsurgical clipping for unruptured PCoA aneurysm between January 2008 and December 2020 were included. Patients were categorized into the normal or the PMA infarction group.

Endovascular management of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: Overall review and considerations.

Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs) are arteriovenous shunts between small dural branches arising from the external and/or internal carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus (CS). And now a days, endovascular treatment is the treatment of choice in CSDAVF. We review the anatomy and classifications of CSDAVFs, discussing and detailing these considerations in the treatment of CSDAVFs, theoretically and in the light of recent literatures.

Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke with Large Bore Intermediate Catheter : A Single Center Experience.

Objective: Early successful reperfusion is associated with favorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to achieve successful recanalization by a combined mechanical thrombectomy technique, the Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke (ARTS), which is composed of a flexible large lumen distal access catheter and a retrievable stent as the first-line strategy of mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients with AIS who underwent mechanical thrombectomy from 2018 to 2019 at our institute by a senior neurointerventionalist.

Single- and hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for large (> 2 cm) brain metastases: a systematic review.

Purpose: Since frameless stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) techniques have been recently introduced, hypofractionated SRS (HF-SRS) for large brain metastases (BMs) is gradually increasing. To verify the efficacy and safety of HF-SRS for large BMs, we aimed to perform a systematic review and compared them with SF-SRS.

Methods: We systematically searched the studies regarding SF-SRS or HF-SRS for large (> 2 cm) BM from databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library on July 31, 2018.

Benign meningioma manifesting with acute subdural hematoma and cerebral edema: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Spontaneous subdural hematoma rarely presents with a hypervascular or malignant tumor but even less frequently in a benign tumor like meningioma. We encountered a patient with acute subdural hematoma associated with benign meningioma. Here, we report this case along with a review of previous reports, especially focusing on their clinical features and possible bleeding mechanisms.

An integrated disease-specific graded prognostic assessment scale for melanoma: contributions of KPS, CITV, number of metastases, and BRAF mutation status.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remains a mainstay therapy in the treatment of melanoma brain metastases (BM). While prognostic scales have been developed for melanoma patients who underwent SRS treatment for BM, the pertinence of these scales in the context of molecularly targeted therapies remains unclear.

Methods: Through a multi-institutional collaboration, we collated the survival patterns of 331 melanoma BM patients with known BRAF mutation status treated with SRS.

Respiratory Specimen Collection Booth for COVID-19 Test: Efficiency Based Newly Introduced Facility.

Hospitals need to find a safe and rapid method for respiratory specimen collection as the number of patients suspicious for coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) rapidly grows. Applied with significant infection control and prevention measures, a respiratory specimen collection booth was newly designed. The new respiratory specimen collection booth not only increased COVID-19 testing cases but also decreased personal protective equipment consumption.

Minimizing contamination in the use of personal protective equipment: Simulation results through tracking contamination and enhanced protocols.

Background: Due to variations and the inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), this study aimed to evaluate our enhanced PPE protocols for minimizing doffing contamination.

Methods: Among 3 PPE kits (simple, Level D, and Level C), 30 participants conducted the first simulation in their adapted way and the second following enhanced protocols. After donning, participants performed a 1-minute simulation of direct care on a patient simulator covered with fluorescent powder.

Protection of Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19 at a Large Teaching Hospital in Seoul, Korea.

Thirteen patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) visited a university hospital in Seoul before recognizing their disease infections, causing contact with 184 hospital workers. We classified the patients into four risk levels and provided corresponding management measures. At 31 days after the last event, all screening laboratory results were negative, and no symptoms/signs were reported.

A new definition for wide-necked cerebral aneurysms.

Background: Endovascular management of wide-necked aneurysms often requires assisted-techniques with adjunctive devices. Wide-necked aneurysm can be defined with a dome-to-neck ratio or aspect ratio; however, clinical definitions of wide-necked aneurysms vary. This study aimed to determine the most useful definition of wide-necked aneurysm to predict the need for an adjunctive device.

Radiological and clinical outcomes of endovascular coiling of proximal A1 aneurysms.

Aneurysms of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (A1) are rare. Of these A1 aneurysms, proximal A1 aneurysms are among the most challenging for endovascular coiling. This study aimed to evaluate the angiographic features and radiological and clinical outcomes of endovascular coiling of proximal A1 aneurysms.

Relationship between Circadian Variation in Ictus of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Physical Activity.

Objective: The circadian pattern of the onset time of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been reported by various authors. However, the effect of the degree of physical exertion on the circadian pattern has not been studied in detail. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of physical exertion on the circadian pattern of aSAH.

An Outbreak of KPC-Producing Linked with an Index Case of Community-Acquired KPC-Producing Isolate: Epidemiological Investigation and Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis.

A hospital outbreak of e carbapenemase (KPC)-producing (KPN) linked with an index case of community-acquired infection occurred in an urban tertiary care hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Therefore, we performed an outbreak investigation and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis to trace the outbreak and investigate the molecular characteristics of the isolates. From October 2014 to January 2015, we identified a cluster of three patients in the neurosurgery ward with sputum cultures positive for carbapenem-resistant KPN.

The 21-Item and 12-Item Versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales: Psychometric Evaluation in a Korean Population.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 in a Korean population.

Methods: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were translated into Korean using a translation and back-translation technique, and the content validity was assessed by an expert panel. Participants were recruited from six community health centers (n = 431) and two community mental health centers (n = 50).

Does Neurosurgical Clipping or Endovascular Coiling Lead to More Cases of Delayed Hydrocephalus in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?

Objective: We investigated whether clipping or endovascular treatment (EVT) can reduce the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus. We also investigated whether additional procedures, namely lumbar drainage and extra-ventricular drainage (EVD), decrease the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Materials And Methods: One-hundred and fifty-two patients who had undergone an operation for SAH were enrolled in this study.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Metastatic Brain Tumors with Exophytic Hemorrhage.

Objective: Metastatic brain tumors (MBTs) often present with intracerebral hemorrhage. Although Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is a valid treatment option for hemorrhagic MBTs, its efficacy is unclear. To achieve oncologic control and reduce radiation toxicity, we used a radiosurgical targeting technique that confines the tumor core within the hematoma when performing GKS in patients with such tumors.

Intracranial Hemorrhage After Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Direct Anastomosis for Adults with Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage, such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), is an extremely rare complication after surgical revascularization for moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the incidence, timing, prognosis, possible mechanism, and prevention are not well known.

Methods: Adult patients with MMD who underwent direct bypass or combined bypass and experienced ICH, SAH, or IVH within 7 days postoperatively were enrolled in this study.

Pediatric Glioma at the Optic Pathway and Thalamus.

Gliomas are the most common pediatric tumors of the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the clinical features, treatment paradigms, and evolving concepts related to two types of pediatric gliomas affecting two main locations: the optic pathway and thalamus. In particular, we discuss recently revised pathologic classification, which adopting molecular parameter.

Clopidogrel Response Variability in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Patients Treated with Stent-Assisted Endovascular Coil Embolization : Is Follow-Up Clopidogrel Response Test Necessary?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the variability of clopidogrel responses according to duration of a clopidogrel drug regimen after stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC), and to determine the correlation between the variability of clopidogrel responses and thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications.

Methods: A total of 47 patients who underwent SAC procedures to treat unruptured intracranial aneurysms were enrolled in the study. Preoperatively, patients received more than seven days of aspirin (100 mg) and clopidogrel (75 mg), daily.

A Novel Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease Using Optogenetics: Representation of Various Disease Stages by Modulating the Illumination Parameter.

Background: The classic animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) using neurotoxin can only simulate fixed stages of the disease by causing irreversible damage to the nigrostriatal system.

Objectives: To develop an optogenetic PD model that can modulate the severity of disease by optical stimulation by introducing the halorhodopsin (NpHR) gene into the substantia nigra compacta.

Methods: Fifteen rats received injections of engineered AAV with NpHR-YFP gene into the substantia nigra.

Quantitative analysis in peritumoral volumes of brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) factors in patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). We also investigated the impact of SRT on peritumoral volumes though the use of DTI.

Methods: A total of 28 patients with brain metastases who had undergone SRT between March 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled.