Nosocomial transmission of fluconazole-resistant bloodstream isolates revealed by whole-genome sequencing.

Unlabelled: The clonal transmission of fluconazole-resistant isolates within hospitals has seldom been analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We performed WGS on 79 . isolates, comprising 31 isolates from three premature infants with persistent bloodstream infection despite antifungal treatment in the same neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in 2022 and 48 (27 fluconazole-resistant and 21 fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent) bloodstream isolates from 48 patients in 15 South Korean hospitals from 2010 to 2022.

Updates in neonatal resuscitation: routine use of laryngeal masks as an alternative to face masks.

Although positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) has traditionally been performed using a face mask in neonatal resuscitation, face mask ventilation for delivering PPV has a high failure rate due to mask leaks, airway obstruction, or gastric inflation. Furthermore, face mask ventilation is compromised during chest compressions. Endotracheal intubation in neonates requires a high skill level, with a first-attempt success rate of <50%.

Changes in Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Infants Under 3 Months of Age in Korea, 2006-2020.

Objectives: Invasive bacterial infection (IBI) causes a significant burden in infants. In this study, we analyzed changes in epidemiology of IBI among infants in Korea.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter-based surveillance for IBIs in infants <3 months of age was performed during 2006-2020.

Clinical Significance of Pleural Effusion in Pneumonia in Children.

The clinical significance of pleural effusion in (MP) pneumonia in children has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the clinical implications of pleural effusion in children with MP pneumonia. Overall, 150 children with MP pneumonia transferred to a tertiary hospital were enrolled in this study.

Serum Ferritin as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Kawasaki Disease.

Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is occasionally delayed because it is solely based on clinical symptoms. Previous studies have attempted to identify diagnostic biomarkers for KD. Recently, patients with KD were reported to have elevated serum ferritin levels.

A 6-year safety surveillance of 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in South Korea.

In 2010, Korea introduced 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children aged 6 weeks to 5 years against invasive disease caused by serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F and cross-reactive 19A. The aim of this 6-year real-world study of 646 healthy Korean children from 16 centers vaccinated in routine practice is to monitor vaccine safety, as per Ministry of Food and Drug Safety regulations. Around 50% had a past or existing medical condition, 19.

Incidence and characteristics of norovirus-associated benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis, in comparison with rotavirus ones.

Background And Purpose: Rotavirus was detected in 40-50% of patients with benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) before the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in late 2000. However, the rate of rotavirus positivity has decreased since 2010 while the prevalence of norovirus has gradually increased. We investigated the incidence of norovirus-associated CwG during a recent 3-year period and additionally compared the characteristics of norovirus-associated CwG with those of rotavirus-associated CwG.

Spontaneous Regression of Cardiac Rhabdomyoma Presenting as Severe Left Ventricular Inlet Obstruction in a Neonate with Tuberous Sclerosis.

Cardiac rhabdomyoma can be subclinical or have a fatal presentation according to the onset age and involved site, size, and degree of invasion. Although most cardiac rhabdomyomas become smaller with time, emergency intervention is indicated when severe obstruction has occurred. In this report, we describe the spontaneous regression of a large cardiac rhabdomyoma (20.

Serial evaluation of myocardial function using the myocardial performance index in Kawasaki disease.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is known as systemic vasculitis, and more than half of the patients with KD have myocarditis, which can induce ventricular dysfunction. In this study, we evaluate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with KD based on the myocardial performance index (MPI) using pulse Doppler (PD) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), from the acute to convalescent phases.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 89 children diagnosed with KD from January 2010 to August 2012.

Usefulness of Age-Stratified N-Terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosing Kawasaki Disease.

N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was recently reported as a biomarker for diagnosing Kawasaki disease (KD). The basal NT-proBNP level, however, gradually decreases with age. We investigated the usefulness of an age-stratified cutoff value of NT-proBNP for diagnosing KD.

Rapid Regression of Obstructive Cardiac Rhabdomyoma in a Preterm Neonate after Sirolimus Therapy.

Cardiac rhabdomyoma can be subclinical or fatal depending on the onset age, involving site, and the size and degree of invasion. Although most rhabdomyomas become smaller with time, emergency intervention is indicated when severe obstruction induces hemodynamic instability. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been used to treat neonates and children with hemodynamically obstructive cardiac rhabdomyoma.

Clinical Utility of Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis in Children with Bronchopulmonary Dsyplasia.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may result in chronic pulmonary artery hypertension and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Various echocardiographic assessments of RV dysfunction have been used to determine whether echocardiographic measurements of premature infants with BPD could provide sensitive measures of RV function that correlates with BPD severity.

Methods: Twenty-eight control subjects without BPD (non BPD group), 28 patients with mild BPD, 11 patients with moderate BPD, and six patients with severe BPD underwent echocardiograms with standard measurement such as ejection fraction by M-mode, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient, myocardial performance index (MPI) derived from pulse Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) measurements.

Recent Changes in the Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea.

We investigated the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants in Korea using the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) data. In total, 2,386 VLBW infants born from January 2013 to June 2014 were prospectively registered. BPD was defined as supplemental oxygen or positive pressure support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Radiodensity on serial chest X-rays for the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in children.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of measuring lung radiodensity from chest X-ray for the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration.

Methods: Records of 59 children with foreign body aspiration were retrospectively reviewed. Lung radiodensity and radiodensity ratio (right/left lung radio density) before and after foreign body removal were measured.

A chromosome 1q44 deletion in a 4-month-old girl; The first report in Korea.

The deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 1 is associated with a characteristic facial appearance and a pattern of associated malformations. Characteristic manifestations include a round face with prominent 'cupid's bow' and downturned corners of the mouth, thin vermilion borders of lips, a long upper lip with a smooth philtrum, a short and broad nose, epicanthal folds, apparently low-set ears, micrognathia, microcephaly, abnormal hands and feet, variable cardiac or genital anomalies, moderate to severe mental retardation, and growth retardation. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to map precisely the deletion, we present a case of chromosome 1q44 deletion with craniofacial characteristics, multiple congenital anomalies, and growth and psychomotor retardation.

Multilocus sequence typing for the analysis of clonality among Candida albicans strains from a neonatal intensive care unit.

Nosocomial Candida albicans infections are a significant problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We investigated the clonality of C. albicans isolates recovered over an 8-year period from neonates at a NICU.

Transient complete atrioventricular block in a preterm neonate with congenital myotonic dystrophy: case report.

Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder with cardiac rhythm abnormalities that may occur as a child grows. No report has described complete atrioventricular (AV) block detected in a neonate with CMD. We report a floppy infant of 31(+4) weeks gestation with complete AV block at birth, who was diagnosed with CMD by Southern analysis.

Procalcitonin levels in patients with complete and incomplete Kawasaki disease.

Incomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) is considered to be a less complete form of Kawasaki disease (cKD), and several differences in the laboratory presentations of iKD and cKD have been noted. We investigated serum procalcitonin levels in patients with iKD, cKD, and other febrile diseases (a control group). Seventy-seven patients with cKD, 24 with iKD, and 41 controls admitted to our hospital from November 2009 to November 2011 were enrolled in the present study.

Expression of SAP5 and SAP9 in Candida albicans biofilms: comparison of bloodstream isolates with isolates from other sources.

Secreted aspartic proteases (Sap), encoded by a family of 10 SAP genes, are key virulence determinants in Candida albicans. Although biofilm-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) are frequently caused by C. albicans, SAP gene expression in C.

In vitro fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibilities of Candida bloodstream isolates in Korea: use of the CLSI and EUCAST epidemiological cutoff values.

Background: At present, the clinical breakpoints (CBPs) of both fluconazole and voriconazole are available only for 3 common Candida species in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methods. Epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) were recently applied to both methods to detect the emergence of acquired resistance (i.e.

Lung torsion after tracheoesophageal fistula repair in an infant.

Lung torsion is a very rare event that has been reported in only 9 cases in the pediatric literature but has not yet been reported in Korean infants. We present a case of lung torsion after tracheoesophageal fistula repair in an infant. Bloody secretion from the endotracheal tube and chest radiographs and computed tomographic scan results indicated lung torsion.

Comparison of oral Ibuprofen and intravenous indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants.

Objective: There are few published reports concerning the efficacy of oral ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Oral ibuprofen was compared to intravenous indomethacin regarding efficacy and safety in the treatment of PDA in infants weighting less than 1,000g at birth.

Method: This was a retrospective study in a single center.