Strongly quenched activatable theranostic nanogel for precision imaging-guided photodynamic therapy and enhanced immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are innovative immunotherapeutic agents for cancer. However, their low therapeutic efficacy in patients with large or rapidly growing tumors, along with their high cost, represents a notable limitation in their clinical applications. Therefore, new and safe strategies must be developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs in clinical settings.

Pro- and Anti-Tumoral Factors Involved in Total Body Irradiation and Interleukin-2 Conditioning in Adoptive T Cell Therapy of Melanoma-Bearing Knock-Out Mice.

In adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), the transfer of tumor-specific T cells is paralleled by the conditioning regimen to increase therapeutic efficacy. Pre-conditioning depletes immune-suppressive cells and post-conditioning increases homeostatic signals to improve the persistence of administered T cells. Identifying the favorable immunological factors involved in a conditioning regimen is important to design effective strategies in ACT.

Spi-C positively regulates RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and function.

Spi-C is an SPI-group erythroblast transformation-specific domain transcription factor expressed during B-cell development. Here, we report that Spi-C is a novel receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-inducible protein that positively regulates RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and function. Knockdown of Spi-C decreased the expression of RANKL-induced nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), resulting in a marked decrease in the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells.

A library of TAL effector nucleases spanning the human genome.

Transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) can be readily engineered to bind specific genomic loci, enabling the introduction of precise genetic modifications such as gene knockouts and additions. Here we present a genome-scale collection of TALENs for efficient and scalable gene targeting in human cells. We chose target sites that did not have highly similar sequences elsewhere in the genome to avoid off-target mutations and assembled TALEN plasmids for 18,740 protein-coding genes using a high-throughput Golden-Gate cloning system.