Thermo-responsive 3D nanostructures for enhanced performance in food-poisoning bacterial analysis.

The growing risk of bacterial food poisoning due to global warming has necessitated the development of methods for accurate detection of food-poisoning bacteria. Despite extensive efforts to develop enhanced bacterial-capture methods, challenges associated with the release of the captured bacteria have limited the sensitivity of bacterial detection. In this study, thermo-responsive intelligent 3D nanostructures to improve food-poisoning bacterial analysis performance were fabricated by introducing a thermo-responsive polymer onto an urchin-like 3D nanopillar substrate (URCHANO).

Nucleic Acid Amplification Circuit-Based Hydrogel (NACH) Assay for One-Step Detection of Metastatic Gastric Cancer-Derived Exosomal miRNA.

Gastric cancer (GC) is recognized as the fifth most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. It is characterized by diverse clinical symptoms, treatment responses, and prognoses. In GC prognosis, the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) fosters cancer cell invasion and metastasis, thereby triggering the dissemination of tumor cells.

All-in-One Fusogenic Nanoreactor for the Rapid Detection of Exosomal MicroRNAs for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

Molecular-profiling-based cancer diagnosis has significant implications for predicting disease prognosis and selecting targeted therapeutic interventions. The analysis of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides a noninvasive and sequential method to assess the molecular landscape of cancer. Here, we developed an all-in-one fusogenic nanoreactor (FNR) encapsulating DNA-fueled molecular machines (DMMs) for the rapid and direct detection of EV-associated microRNAs (EV miRNAs) in a single step.

Dual structure-switching aptamer-mediated signal amplification cascade for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Since the outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of 2019, the spread of the virus has posed a significant threat to public health and the global economy. This work proposed a one-step, dual-structure-switching aptamer-mediated signal amplification cascade for rapid and sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. This system consisted of two DNA aptamers with structure-switching functionality and fuel DNA, where a cascade of strand hybridization and displacement triggered fluorescence generation and signal amplification.

Deep learning-assisted monitoring of trastuzumab efficacy in HER2-Overexpressing breast cancer via SERS immunoassays of tumor-derived urinary exosomal biomarkers.

Monitoring drug efficacy is significant in the current concept of companion diagnostics in metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab, a drug targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is an effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. However, some patients develop resistance to this therapy; therefore, monitoring its efficacy is essential.

On-site detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) utilizing G-quadruplex based isothermal exponential amplification reaction (GQ-EXPAR).

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a high incidence in infectious hospitals and communities, highlighting the need for early on-site detection due to its resistance to methicillin antibiotics. The present study introduces a highly sensitive detection system for mecA, a crucial methicillin marker, utilizing an RCA-based isothermal exponential amplification reaction. The G-quadruplex-based isothermal exponential amplification reaction (GQ-EXPAR) method designs probes to establish G-quadruplex secondary structures incorporating thioflavin T for fluorescence.

Multiplex Detection of Foodborne Pathogens using 3D Nanostructure Swab and Deep Learning-Based Classification of Raman Spectra.

Proactive management of foodborne illness requires routine surveillance of foodborne pathogens, which requires developing simple, rapid, and sensitive detection methods. Here, a strategy is presented that enables the detection of multiple foodborne bacteria using a 3D nanostructure swab and deep learning-based Raman signal classification. The nanostructure swab efficiently captures foodborne pathogens, and the portable Raman instrument directly collects the Raman signals of captured bacteria.

ANCA: artificial nucleic acid circuit with argonaute protein for one-step isothermal detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Endonucleases have recently widely used in molecular diagnostics. Here, we report a strategy to exploit the properties of Argonaute (Ago) proteins for molecular diagnostics by introducing an artificial nucleic acid circuit with Ago protein (ANCA) method. The ANCA is designed to perform a continuous autocatalytic reaction through cross-catalytic cleavage of the Ago protein, enabling one-step, amplification-free, and isothermal DNA detection.

PoreGlow: A split green fluorescent protein-based system for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes, a severe foodborne pathogen causing severe diseases underscores the necessity for the development of a detection system with high specificity, sensitivity and utility. Herein, the PoreGlow system, based on split green fluorescent protein (GFP), was developed and assessed for the fast and accurate detection of L. monocytogenes.

Colorimetric Detection of HER2-Overexpressing-Cancer-Derived Exosomes in Mouse Urine Using Magnetic-Polydiacetylene Nanoparticles.

Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health problem, with ≈20-25% of patients overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), an aggressive marker, yet access to early detection and treatment varies across countries. A low-cost, equipment-free, and easy-to-use polydiacetylene (PDA)-based colorimetric sensor is developed for HER2-overexpressing cancer detection, designed for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). PDA nanoparticles are first prepared through thin-film hydration.

Rapid and simultaneous multiple detection of a tripledemic using a dual-gate oxide semiconductor thin-film transistor-based immunosensor.

The simultaneous infection with a tripledemic-simultaneous infection with influenza A pH1N1 virus (Flu), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-necessitates the development of accurate and fast multiplex diagnostic tests. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emphasized the importance of virus detection. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based immuno-biosensors have a short detection time and do not require labeling or polymerase chain reaction.

A portable smartphone-based colorimetric sensor that utilizes dual amplification for the on-site detection of airborne bacteria.

Over the past few years, infections caused by airborne pathogens have spread worldwide, infecting several people and becoming an increasingly severe threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing airborne pathogen monitoring technology for use in confined environments to enable epidemic prevention. In this study, we designed a colorimetry-based bacterial detection platform that uses a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 12a system to amplify signals and a urease enzyme to induce color changes.

An immuno-magnetophoresis-based microfluidic chip to isolate and detect HER2-Positive cancer-derived exosomes via multiple separation.

Exosomes are useful for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. However, clinical samples contain impurities that complicate direct analyses of cancer-derived exosomes. Therefore, a microfluidic chip-based magnetically labeled exosome isolation system (MEIS-chip) was developed as a lab-on-a-chip platform for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

Charge-shifting polyplex as a viral RNA extraction carrier for streamlined detection of infectious viruses.

The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the need for rapid, user-friendly nucleic acid testing that involves simple but efficient RNA extraction. Here, we present a charge-shifting polyplex as an RNA extraction carrier for advanced diagnosis of infectious viral diseases. The polyplex comprises poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) (pDMAEA) electrostatically conjugated with RNA.

Conductive Thread-Based Immunosensor for Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Detection.

Infectious agents such as viruses pose significant threats to human health, being transmitted via direct contact as well as airborne transmission without direct contact, thus requiring rapid detection to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. In this study, we developed a conductive thread-based immunosensor (CT-IS), a biosensor to easily detect the presence of airborne viruses. CT-IS utilizes an antibody that specifically recognizes the HA protein of the pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) virus, which is incorporated into the conductive thread.

Elution-free DNA detection using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated light-up aptamer transcription: Toward all-in-one DNA purification and detection tube.

Accurate and efficient detection of DNA is crucial for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. The traditional methods for DNA analysis involve multiple steps, including sample preparation, lysis, extraction, amplification, and detection. In this study, we present a one-step elution-free DNA analysis method based on the combination of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated light-up aptamer transcription (CLAT) assay and a DNA-capturing poly(2-dimethylaminomethyl styrene) (pDMAMS)-coated tube.

A highly specific and flexible detection assay using collaborated actions of DNA-processing enzymes for identifying multiple gene expression signatures in breast cancer.

Most nucleic acid biosensors employ nucleic acid-processing enzymes to bind, degrade, splice, synthesize, and modify nucleic acids. Utilizing their unique substrate preference, binding mode, and catalytic activity is of great importance in designing nucleic acid biosensors. Combination with DNA-processing enzymes enables them to transform into a new generation of molecular diagnostics tools with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and reduced reaction time.

CRISPR/Cas-Assisted Colorimetric Biosensor for Point-of-Use Testing for African Swine Fever Virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and fatal disease affecting both domesticated and wild pigs. Substandard therapies and inadequate vaccinations cause severe economic damages from pig culling and removal of infected carcasses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid point-of-use approach that assists in avoiding the spread of ASFV and reducing economic loss.

Hybrid CRISPR/Cas protein for one-pot detection of DNA and RNA.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics have emerged as next-generation molecular diagnostics. In CRISPR-based diagnostics, Cas12 and Cas13 proteins have been widely employed to detect DNA and RNA, respectively. Herein, we developed a novel hybrid Cas protein capable of detecting universal nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Polydiacetylene-based hydrogel beads as colorimetric sensors for the detection of biogenic amines in spoiled meat.

Ingesting large quantities of biogenic amines (BAs), which are released from spoiled foods, can have adverse side effects on the human body. Herein, we developed a colorimetric sensor using polydiacetylene (PDA)-based hydrogel beads that change color upon binding with BAs, thereby conveniently checking whether food is spoiled due to improper storage and distribution. The colorimetric sensor is fabricated by mixing PDA liposomes with an alginate solution.

Smartphone-Based SARS-CoV-2 and Variants Detection System using Colorimetric DNAzyme Reaction Triggered by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR).

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected people for over two years. Moreover, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has raised concerns regarding its accurate diagnosis. Here, we report a colorimetric DNAzyme reaction triggered by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), referred to as DAMPR assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and variants genes with attomolar sensitivity within an hour.

Isothermal amplification-mediated lateral flow biosensors for in vitro diagnosis of gastric cancer-related microRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various tumors. Currently, many diagnostic systems have been developed to detect miRNAs, but simple techniques for detecting miRNAs are still required. Recently, we reported that the expression of miRNA-135b is upregulated in gastric epithelial cells during gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis.