Databiting: Lightweight, Transient, and Insight Rich Exploration of Personal Data.

As mobile and wearable devices are becoming increasingly powerful, access to personal data is within reach anytime and anywhere. Currently, methods of data exploration while on-the-go and in-situ are, however, often limited to glanceable and micro visualizations, which provide narrow insight. In this article, we introduce the notion of databiting, the act of interacting with personal data to obtain richer insight through lightweight and transient exploration.

Personal Health Data Tracking by Blind and Low-Vision People: Survey Study.

Background: Personal health technologies, including wearable tracking devices and mobile apps, have great potential to equip the general population with the ability to monitor and manage their health. However, being designed for sighted people, much of their functionality is largely inaccessible to the blind and low-vision (BLV) population, threatening the equitable access to personal health data (PHD) and health care services.

Objective: This study aims to understand why and how BLV people collect and use their PHD and the obstacles they face in doing so.

Understanding the Consequences of Moment-by-Moment Fluctuations in Mood and Social Experience for Paranoid Ideation in Psychotic Disorders.

Among individuals with psychotic disorders, paranoid ideation is common and associated with increased impairment, decreased quality of life, and a more pessimistic prognosis. Although accumulating research indicates negative affect is a key precipitant of paranoid ideation, the possible protective role of positive affect has not been examined. Further, despite the interpersonal nature of paranoid ideation, there are limited and inconsistent findings regarding how social context, perceptions, and motivation influence paranoid ideation in real-world contexts.

Envisioning the use of in-situ arm movement data in stroke rehabilitation: Stroke survivors' and occupational therapists' perspectives.

Background: The key for successful stroke upper-limb rehabilitation includes the personalization of therapeutic interventions based on patients' functional ability and performance level. However, therapists often encounter challenges in supporting personalized rehabilitation due to the lack of information about how stroke survivors use their stroke-affected arm outside the clinic. Wearable technologies have been considered as an effective, objective solution to monitor patients' arm use patterns in their naturalistic environments.

Willingness to Share Wearable Device Data for Research Among Mechanical Turk Workers: Web-Based Survey Study.

Background: Wearable devices that are used for observational research and clinical trials hold promise for collecting data from study participants in a convenient, scalable way that is more likely to reach a broad and diverse population than traditional research approaches. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a potential resource that researchers can use to recruit individuals into studies that use data from wearable devices.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of wearable device users on MTurk that are associated with a willingness to share wearable device data for research.

The SleepFit Tablet Application for Home-Based Clinical Data Collection in Parkinson Disease: User-Centric Development and Usability Study.

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a common, multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder profoundly impacting patients' autonomy and quality of life. Assessment in real-life conditions of subjective symptoms and objective metrics of mobility and nonmotor symptoms such as sleep disturbance is strongly advocated. This information would critically guide the adaptation of antiparkinsonian medications and nonpharmacological interventions.

Interrelationships Between Patients' Data Tracking Practices, Data Sharing Practices, and Health Literacy: Onsite Survey Study.

Background: Although the use of patient-generated data (PGD) in the optimization of patient care shows great promise, little is known about whether patients who track their PGD necessarily share the data with their clinicians. Meanwhile, health literacy-an important construct that captures an individual's ability to manage their health and to engage with their health care providers-has often been neglected in prior studies focused on PGD tracking and sharing. To leverage the full potential of PGD, it is necessary to bridge the gap between patients' data tracking and data sharing practices by first understanding the interrelationships between these practices and the factors contributing to these practices.

Persuasive Data Videos: Investigating Persuasive Self-Tracking Feedback with Augmented Data Videos.

Self-tracking feedback with engaging and persuasive visualizations not only helps convey data but can also affect people's attitudes and behaviors. We investigate persuasive self-tracking feedback by augmenting data videos (DVs)-novel, engaging storytelling media. We introduce a new class of DVs, called Persuasive Data Videos (PDVs), by incorporating four persuasive elements-primary task, dialogue, system credibility, and social supports-drawn from the Persuasive System Design Model.

Reaching Broader Audiences With Data Visualization.

The visualization research community can and should reach broader audiences beyond data-savvy groups of people, because these audiences could also greatly benefit from visual access to data. In this article, we discuss four research topics-personal data visualization, data visualization on mobile devices, inclusive data visualization, and multimodal interaction for data visualization-that, individually and collaboratively, would help us reach broader audiences with data visualization, making data more accessible.

A New Prospective, Home-Based Monitoring of Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Subjective symptoms, which are retrospectively assessed during clinical interviews in the office, may be influenced by patient recall in Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospective collection of subjective data might be an effective tool to overcome this bias.

Objective: We investigated the correspondence between prospectively and retrospectively assessed motor symptoms in PD.

A Comparative Evaluation of Animation and Small Multiples for Trend Visualization on Mobile Phones.

We compare the efficacy of animated and small multiples variants of scatterplots on mobile phones for comparing trends in multivariate datasets. Visualization is increasingly prevalent in mobile applications and mobile-first websites, yet there is little prior visualization research dedicated to small displays. In this paper, we build upon previous experimental research carried out on larger displays that assessed animated and non-animated variants of scatterplots.

Communicating Bad News: Insights for the Design of Consumer Health Technologies.

Background: As people increasingly receive personal health information through technology, there is increased importance for this information to be communicated with empathy and consideration for the patient's experience of consuming it. Although technology enables people to have more frequent and faster access to their health information, it could also cause unnecessary anxiety, distress, or confusion because of the sensitive and complex nature of the information and its potential to provide information that could be considered bad news.

Objective: The aim of this study was to uncover insights for the design of health information technologies that potentially communicate bad news about health such as the result of a diagnosis, increased risk for a chronic or terminal disease, or overall declining health.

A novel upper-limb function measure derived from finger-worn sensor data collected in a free-living setting.

The use of wrist-worn accelerometers has recently gained tremendous interest among researchers and clinicians as an objective tool to quantify real-world use of the upper limbs during the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). However, wrist-worn accelerometers have shown a number of limitations that hinder their adoption in the clinic. Among others, the inability of wrist-worn accelerometers to capture hand and finger movements is particularly relevant to monitoring the performance of ADLs.

Investigating data accessibility of personal health apps.

Objective: Despite the potential values self-tracking data could offer, we have little understanding of how much access people have to "their" data. Our goal of this article is to unveil the current state of the data accessibility-the degree to which people can access their data-of personal health apps in the market.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 240 personal health apps from the App Store and selected 45 apps that support semi-automated tracking.

OneNote Meal: A Photo-Based Diary Study for Reflective Meal Tracking.

When a self-monitoring tool is used to enhance behavior awareness, the tool should afford reflection by design. This work examines the "valence of meal" (i.e.

Visualizing Ranges over Time on Mobile Phones: A Task-Based Crowdsourced Evaluation.

In the first crowdsourced visualization experiment conducted exclusively on mobile phones, we compare approaches to visualizing ranges over time on small displays. People routinely consume such data via a mobile phone, from temperatures in weather forecasting apps to sleep and blood pressure readings in personal health apps. However, we lack guidance on how to effectively visualize ranges on small displays in the context of different value retrieval and comparison tasks, or with respect to different data characteristics such as periodicity, seasonality, or the cardinality of ranges.

Expanding Research Methods for a Realistic Understanding of Personal Visualization.

Personal visualizations have the great potential to provide the benefits of visualizations to everyone in their everyday lives. Their diverse goals combined with the personal data they contain and the contexts in which they are being used, however, make their evaluation particularly challenging and call for a wider perspective on empirical approaches. We need to devise new methods and adapt existing methods from other fields to account for the specific goals and challenges in this emerging research area.

Sharing Patient-Generated Data in Clinical Practices: An Interview Study.

Patients are tracking and generating an increasingly large volume of personal health data outside the clinic due to an explosion of wearable sensing and mobile health (mHealth) apps. The potential usefulness of these data is enormous as they can provide good measures of everyday behavior and lifestyle. However, how we can fully leverage patient-generated data (PGD) and integrate them in clinical practice is less clear.

Consumer Sleep Technologies: A Review of the Landscape.

Objective: To review sleep related consumer technologies, including mobile electronic device "apps," wearable devices, and other technologies. Validation and methodological transparency, the effect on clinical sleep medicine, and various social, legal, and ethical issues are discussed.

Methods: We reviewed publications from the digital libraries of the Association for Computing Machinery, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and PubMed; publications from consumer technology websites; and mobile device app marketplaces.

Revealing Visualization Insights from Quantified-Selfers' Personal Data Presentations.

Data visualization and analytics research has great potential to empower people to improve their lives by leveraging their own personal data. However, most Quantified-Selfers are neither visualization experts nor data scientists. Consequently, their visualizations of their data are often not ideal for conveying their insights.

Persuasive performance feedback: the effect of framing on self-efficacy.

Self-monitoring technologies have proliferated in recent years as they offer excellent potential for promoting healthy behaviors. Although these technologies have varied ways of providing real-time feedback on a user's current progress, we have a dearth of knowledge of the framing effects on the performance feedback these tools provide. With an aim to create influential, persuasive performance feedback that will nudge people toward healthy behaviors, we conducted an online experiment to investigate the effect of framing on an individual's self-efficacy.

Migrating motor complex changes after side-to-side ileal bypass in mouse ileum ex-vivo: mechanism underlying the blind loop syndrome?

Purpose: This study was intended to investigate the migrating motor complex (MMC) changes after ileal bypass in ex-vivo mouse models.

Methods: Partial (side-to-side) and total bypass (occlusion of proximal part of bypassed loop) were performed on ileums of female Institute of Cancer Research mice. After 2 and 4 weeks, the bypassed segments were harvested and MMCs were recorded at 4 different sites ex-vivo.