Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented and Aged Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Sprouts via Suppression of MAPK-NF-κB Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages.

Fermented and aged mountain-cultivated ginseng sprouts (FAMCGS) exhibit superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties compared to mountain-cultivated ginseng sprouts (MCGS). However, the mechanisms behind these properties of FAMCGSE remain unclear. This study explores the anti-inflammatory effects of FAMCGS extract (FAMCGSE) on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Nonperturbative theory of the low-to-high confinement transition through stochastic simulations and information geometry: Correlation and causal analyses.

The low-to-high confinement (L-H) transition signifies one of the important plasma bifurcations occurring in magnetic confinement plasmas, with vital implications for exploring high-performance regimes in future fusion reactors. In particular, the accurate turbulence statistical description of self-regulation and causal relation among turbulence and shear flows is essential for accessing enhanced plasma performance and advanced operation scenarios. To address this, we provide a nonperturbative theory of the L-H transition by stochastic simulations of a reduced L-H transition model and detailed statistical analysis.

Predicting goal probabilities with improved xG models using event sequences in association football.

In association football, predicting the likelihood and outcome of a shot at a goal is useful but challenging. Expected goal (xG) models can be used in a variety of ways including evaluating performance and designing offensive strategies. This study proposed a novel framework that uses the events preceding a shot, to improve the accuracy of the expected goals (xG) metric.

Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in young Korean soldiers: a recent 10-year retrospective study.

Purpose: Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI), which occurs in up to 3% of trauma patients, is a devastating condition that often leads to permanent disability. However, knowledge of traumatic PNI is limited. We describe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of traumatic PNI in Korea and identify the predictors of traumatic complete PNI.

The Effectiveness of Herbal Medicine on Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) refers to frequent feeding disruptions, that can adversely affect the growth, nutritional status, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants (born at 37 ≤ weeks of gestation). This review evaluated the efficacy of herbal medicine (HM) for FI compared to conventional treatments.

Methods: An extensive search across 11 databases was conducted, including English, Chinese, and Korean databases, from August 1 to December 7, 2023.

Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the XBB wave in the Republic of Korea.

As COVID-19 has become endemic, SARS-CoV-2 variants are becoming increasingly diverse, underscoring the escalating importance of global genomic surveillance. This study analyzed 86,762 COVID-19 samples identified in the Republic of Korea from September 2022 to November 2023. The results revealed a consistent increase in the prevalence of the XBB variants following the dominance of BN.

Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Cats in Mice and Ferrets, South Korea, 2023.

The prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses has increased in wild birds and poultry worldwide, and concomitant outbreaks in mammals have occurred. During 2023, outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 virus infections were reported in cats in South Korea. The H5N1 clade 2.

Clinical outcome of ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam versus glycopeptides in ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis/faecium bacteremia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.

Background: Glycopeptides for ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis/faecium bacteremia are readily prescribed depending on the severity of the condition. However, there is limited data on the outcomes of glycopeptide use compared to ampicillin-containing regimens for ampicillin-susceptible E. faecalis/faecium bacteremia.

Variations in the Antivirulence Effects of Fatty Acids and Virstatin against Strains.

The expression of two major virulence factors of , cholera toxin (CT) and toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP), is induced by environmental stimuli through a cascade of interactions among regulatory proteins known as the ToxR regulon when the bacteria reach the human small intestine. ToxT is produced via the ToxR regulon and acts as the direct transcriptional activator of CT (), TCP ( gene cluster), and other virulence genes. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and several small-molecule inhibitors of ToxT have been developed as antivirulence agents against .

Broncho-Vaxom Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a condition associated with acute respiratory failure, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. It involves cellular changes such as disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane, excessive neutrophil migration, and release of inflammatory mediators. Broncho-Vaxom (BV), a lyophilized product containing cell membrane components derived from eight bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract, is known for its potential to reduce viral and bacterial lung infections.

Replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sublineages recovered in the Republic of Korea.

Background: We analyzed the correlation between the infectivity and transmissibility of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA. 2, BA.

Factors influencing nurses' compliance related to the use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Aim: To determine how nurses' experiences with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected their knowledge, awareness, and compliance related to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 247 nurses in South Korea participated in this study between May 10 and 19, 2023.

VA-ECMO weaning strategy using adjusted pulse pressure by vasoactive inotropic score in AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock.

Aims: This study evaluated how well serial pulse pressure (PP) and PP adjusted by the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) predicted venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) weaning success and clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) patients.

Methods And Results: A total of 213 patients with AMI-CS who received VA-ECMO between January 2010 and August 2021 were enrolled in the institutional ECMO registry. Serial PP and VIS were measured immediately, 12, 24, and 48 h after VA-ECMO insertion.

Minimum Information Variability in Linear Langevin Systems via Model Predictive Control.

Controlling the time evolution of a probability distribution that describes the dynamics of a given complex system is a challenging problem. Achieving success in this endeavour will benefit multiple practical scenarios, e.g.

Mutational analysis of 23 autosomal short tandem repeats based on trio paternity testing in the Korean population.

This study aimed to estimate A-STR mutation rates in 2,317 Korean parent-child trios by examining 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core loci (D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D10S1248, D12S391, D19S433, and D22S1045) and three non-CODIS loci (Penta E, Penta D, and SE33). Locus-specific mutation rate estimates varied from 0.00 to 8.

Early developmental changes in a rat model of malformations of cortical development: Abnormal neuronal migration and altered response to NMDA-induced excitotoxic injury.

Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are caused by abnormal neuronal migration processes during the fetal period and are a major cause of intractable epilepsy in infancy. However, the timing of hyperexcitability or epileptogenesis in MCDs remains unclear. To identify the early developmental changes in the brain of the MCD rat model, which exhibits increased seizure susceptibility during infancy (P12-15), we analyzed the pathological changes in the brains of MCD model rats during the neonatal period and tested NMDA-induced seizure susceptibility.

Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a movie theater outbreak in Incheon in the Republic of Korea, November 2021: a retrospective study.

Background: We examined factors contributing to the transmission of an acute respiratory virus within multi-use facilities, focusing on an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a movie theater in the Republic of Korea.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved a descriptive analysis of 48 confirmed cases. Logistic regression was applied to a cohort of 80 theater attendees to identify risk factors for infection.

[Effects of a Health Partnership Program Using Mobile Health Application for Male Workers with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Randomized Controlled Trial].

Purpose: This study aimed to apply a health partnership program using commercially available mobile health apps to improve cardiovascular risk factors in male employees and verify its effectiveness.

Methods: Using a randomized control group pretest-posttest design, male employees with cardiovascular risk factors from five small and medium-sized workplaces were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 31). The experimental group was encouraged to use three mobile health apps for 12 weeks to acquire the necessary cardiovascular disease-related information and practice strengthening training, walking, and diet management appropriate to their level.

The North Equatorial Current and rapid intensification of super typhoons.

Super Typhoon Mangkhut, which traversed the North Equatorial Current (NEC; 8-17 °N) in the western North Pacific in 2018, was the most intense Category-5 tropical cyclone (TC) with the longest duration in history-3.5 days. Here we show that the combination of two factors-high ocean heat content (OHC) and increased stratification - makes the NEC region the most favored area for a rapid intensification (RI) of super typhoons, instead of the Eddy Rich Zone (17-25 °N), which was considered the most relevant for RI occurrence.