Serum-Free Medium Supplemented with Extracts for the Growth of Human MRC-5 Fibroblasts.

Experiments are increasingly performed in vitro; therefore, cell culture technology is essential for scientific progress. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a key cell culture supplement providing growth factors, amino acids, and hormones. However, FBS is not readily available on the market, has contamination risks, and has ethical concerns.

Brown Seaweed Byproduct Extracts Improve Intestinal Motility and Auto-Inflammation in Mice with Loperamide-Induced Constipation.

and are types of brown algae used for their nutritional value and medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Despite their importance in various industries, many seaweed byproducts containing dietary fiber and polysaccharides are discarded in landfills. These byproducts can be recycled and repurposed for different applications.

Enhanced Photosynthetic Pigment Production Using a Scaled-Up Continuously Circulated Bioreactor.

Microalgae have gained attention as a promising source of chlorophylls and carotenoids in various industries. However, scaling up of conventional bubble columns presents challenges related to cell sedimentation and the presence of non-photosynthetic cells due to non-circulating zones and decreased light accessibility, respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the newly developed continuously circulated bioreactor ROSEMAX at both laboratory and pilot scales, compared to a conventional bubble column.

root decreases lipid accumulation through the induction of lipolysis and thermogenesis via AMPK activation in 3T3‑L1 cells.

Obesity is associated with high risk of mortality globally because obesity is associated with development of diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and cancer. The present study aimed to identify the mechanism of action related to the anti‑obesity activity of root (PLR) based on its effects on lipid droplet accumulation. The inhibitory activity on lipid accumulation was analyzed through Oil‑Red O staining, and the changes in levels of lipid accumulation‑related proteins were analyzed using Western blot analysis.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and β-endorphin concentration as a prognostic factor in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture.

Objective: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin are pituitary neuro-peptides released by acute stress. We determined why the prognosis of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) due to aneurysmal rupture is not always dependent on the Hunt-Hess grading system (HHS) and delta-National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while studying endogenous neuropeptides, including ACTH and β-endorphin.

Methods: We analyzed blood samples collected from patients with SAH (SAH group; n=37) and those with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (control group; n=37).

Reconstruction of Congenital Cranial Defect Using Autologous Bone Graft in Aplasia Cutis Congenita.

Many methods have been devised to repair cranial defects. Here, we report the use of a simple technique for the repair of a congenital cranial defect associated with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC).A newborn baby at 39 weeks of gestation was consulted with a scalp and cranial defect at the vertex measuring 3 × 1.

The therapeutic effects of Stauntonia hexaphylla in benign prostate hyperplasia are mediated by the regulation of androgen receptors and 5α-reductase type 2.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Stauntonia hexaphylla (Lardizabalaceae, S. hexaphylla) is traditionally used as a folk remedy for alleviating fever and for its anti- inflammatory and analgesic properties. In Korea and China, S.

The chemical constituents of ethanolic extract from leaves and their anti-inflammatory effects.

(Lardizabalaceae) is an important medicinal plant in Korea, Japan, and China. Its leaves are used to treat many diseases because of their analgesic, sedative, and diuretic effects; however, there are few reports on their chemical constituents and biological activities. This study divided an ethanol extract into dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and water fractions.

Gamma knife radiosurgery as an alternative treatment of Barrow type B carotid cavernous fistulas: A case report.

Rationale: Barrow type B carotid-cavernous fistulas are dural shunts between the meningeal branches of the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus; these types of dural fistulas can produce specific patterns of symptoms based on the pattern of venous drainage.

Patient Concerns And Diagnoses: A 67-year-old man came to our hospital presenting with acute left orbital pain and double vision in the left eye. The diagnosis was carotid-cavernous fistula fed by the meningohypophyseal trunk and drained to the left superior ophthalmic vein.

Severe vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a cause of obstructive hydrocephalus: A case report.

Rationale: Dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar artery is a vascular anomaly characterized by marked elongating, widening, and tortuosity of the arteries. Although this anomaly is usually asymptomatic, it may present with ischemic symptoms or mass effect involving brainstem or cranial nerves.

Patient Concerns: A 52-year-old male was admitted with headache and visual field defect.

Korean ginseng extract ameliorates abnormal immune response through the regulation of inflammatory constituents in Sprague Dawley rat subjected to environmental heat stress.

Background: Increases in the average global temperature cause heat stress-induced disorders by disrupting homeostasis. Excessive heat stress triggers an imbalance in the immune system; thus protection against heat stress is important to maintain immune homeostasis. Korean ginseng ( Meyer) has been used as a herbal medicine and displays beneficial biological properties.

Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics in Ruptured Posterior Communicating Aneurysms Using Measured Non-Newtonian Viscosity : A Preliminary Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze patient-specific blood flow in ruptured aneurysms using obtained non-Newtonian viscosity and to observe associated hemodynamic features and morphological effects.

Methods: Five patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms were included in the study. Patients' blood samples were measured immediately after enrollment.

Longitudinal study of carotid artery bifurcation geometry using magnetic resonance angiography.

Objectives: Geometry of carotid artery has been known as a risk factor for atherosclerotic carotid disease. Though aging and disease progression can both attribute to geometric changes in the arteries, the exact nature of this phenomenon remains elusive. The aim of our study was to investigate carotid artery geometric changes in a longitudinal study.

Wall Shear Stress and Flow Patterns in Unruptured and Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare several parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS) and flow pattern, between unruptured and ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms using patient-specific aneurysm geometry.

Methods: In total, 18 unruptured and 24 ruptured aneurysms were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Minimal, average, and maximal wall shear stress were calculated based on CFD simulations.

Extract Reduces Obesity through Suppression of Adipogenesis and Activation of Browning in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Obesity predisposes animals towards the metabolic syndrome and diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. is a microalga with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective activities, but the anti-obesity effect of 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has not yet been fully established. We investigated the effect of SM70EE on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and browning using in vitro and in vivo obesity models.

Spirulina maxima extract prevents cell death through BDNF activation against amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Spirulina maxima is a blue-green micro alga that contains abundant amounts of proteins (60-70%), vitamins, chlorophyll a, and C-phycocyanin (C-PC). It has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, and prevent diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it is unclear whether Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE), chlorophyll a, and C-PC prevent Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Stent-assisted coil embolization on down-the-barrel view with spring-shaped microcatheter in patient with M1 ultrawide necked circumferential aneurysm.

Herein, we describe a technique for stent-assisted coil embolization with a spring-shaped microcatheter in a patient with an M1 ultrawide-necked circumferential aneurysm in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). A 49-year-old man was referred for treatment of an incidentally detected M1 large-circumference aneurysm on magnetic resonance angiography. Subsequent digital subtraction angiography revealed an 18.

Stent-assisted coil embolization on down-the-barrel view with spring-shaped microcatheter in patient with M1 ultrawide necked circumferential aneurysm.

Herein, we describe a technique for stent-assisted coil embolization with a spring-shaped microcatheter in a patient with an M1 ultrawide-necked circumferential aneurysm in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). A 49-year-old man was referred for treatment of an incidentally detected M1 large-circumference aneurysm on magnetic resonance angiography. Subsequent digital subtraction angiography revealed an 18.

Extract Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes via Regulation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Signaling.

, a red alga native to the Asia Pacific region, contains biologically active polyphenols. We conducted a molecular biological study of the anti-diabetic effect of extract (GEE) in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Mice that had been administered GEE had significantly lower body mass, water consumption, and fasting blood glucose than db/db controls.

Spirulina maxima Extract Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairments via Inhibiting GSK-3β Phosphorylation Induced by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-β 1-42 in Mice.

, a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanol extract of (SM70EE) ameliorated cognitive impairments induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ in mice.

Anti-adipogenesis mechanism of pterostilbene through the activation of heme oxygenase-1 in 3T3-L1 cells.

Background: Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid and major compound and has diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. However, it has not been shown whether pterostilbene affects the mitotic clonal expansion during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the detailed mechanism of pterostilbene on anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Spirulina maxima Extract Prevents Neurotoxicity via Promoting Activation of BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Cells and Mice.

is a microalgae which contains flavonoids and other polyphenols. Although Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has diverse beneficial effects, its effects on neurotoxicity have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SM70EE against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells.