Comparison between intense pulsed light and continuous ultraviolet treatment processes for enhancing the vitamin D content of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) powder.

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are a rich source of ergosterol, which can be converted into vitamin D, a valuable nutrient for human health. This study evaluated the enhancement of vitamin D in shiitake-mushroom powders using intense pulsed light (IPL). The initial vitamin D content of the sample was 4.

Baicalein attenuates proteasome inhibition-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways.

Impairment in ubiquitin-proteasome system has been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Flavonoid baicalein has demonstrated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of baicalein on the neuronal cell death due to proteasome inhibition has not been studied.

Casein kinase 2 inhibition attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and bid-dependent pathways.

Protein casein kinase 2 is involved in signal transduction, cell growth and apoptosis. However, it is unclear whether the cholesterol oxidation product-induced cell death is regulated by casein kinase 2. Therefore, in the respect of the cell death process, we assessed the regulatory effect of the casein kinase 2 on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells using differentiated PC12 cells.

Rotundarpene inhibits toll-like receptor 2 activation-induced production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB pathways.

Microbial components have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. The extract of from the barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the effect of hemiterpene rotundarpene (4-caffeoyl-3-methyl-but-2-ene-1,4-diol) on the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 activation-induced production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes has not been studied.

Licochalcone A enhances geldanamycin-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated caspase activation.

Background And Purpose: Geldanamycin and licochalcone A induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, whether the combination of geldanamycin and licochalcone A-induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells is mediated by the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the activation of apoptotic caspase, has not been studied.

Experimental Approach: Using the human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3, we investigated the promoting effect of licochalcone A on geldanamycin-induced apoptosis.

Quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside prevents TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by suppressing the caspase-8- and Bid-pathways and the mitochondrial pathway.

Quercetin and its derivatives have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, in human keratinocytes, compared to the reports on other toxic insults, researches on the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis that may be involved in skin diseases are rare. Furthermore, the effect of quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (QGR), a new quercetin derivative, on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes has not been studied.

3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic Acid inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes.

Background And Purpose: Microbial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Caffeoyl derivatives have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-triCQA) on the production of microbial product-induced inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes has not yet been studied.