Nefopam as a multimodal analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure. However, some patients still experience severe pain after VATS. Pain after VATS can disturb deep breathing and coughing, and can increase postoperative pulmonary complications.

Dynamic Arterial Elastance as a Predictor of Supine-to-Prone Hypotension (SuProne Study): An Observational Study.

: Supine-to-prone hypotension is caused by increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased venous return in the prone position. Dynamic arterial elastance (Ea) indicates fluid responsiveness and can be used to predict hypotension. This study aimed to investigate whether Ea can predict supine-to-prone hypotension.

An Examination of Practices and Barriers of Procedures Performed by Physicians in Rural Hawai'i.

There is an estimated shortage of 46 000 to 90 000 physicians in the US, especially in rural areas. Physicians working in rural areas often maintain a larger scope of practice compared to their urban counterparts. This scope may include performing procedures which may require additional training, and lack of that training may limit rural physicians' capability to perform procedures.

Association between body composition and chronic low back pain in Korean adults aged over 50 years: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2011.

Background The relationship between overweight or obesity and low back pain (LBP) has previously been investigated. Several recent studies have focused on the relationship between other indicators of obesity, particularly indicators of fat and the risk of LBP. However, the results of body composition and LBP have been inconsistent.

Inhibition of talin-induced integrin activation by a double-hit stapled peptide.

Integrins are ubiquitously expressed cell-adhesion proteins. Activation of integrins is triggered by talin through an inside-out signaling pathway, which can be driven by RAP1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) through its interaction with talin at two distinct sites. A helical talin-binding segment (TBS) in RIAM interacts with both sites in talin, leading to integrin activation.

Differences in preoperative gastric ultrasound findings in elderly compared to the mid-aged surgical patients: A retrospective observational study.

This study aimed to compare gastric ultrasound assessments between young and elderly patients, to determine whether the cross-section area (CSA) cutoff values for elderly and young patients should be different, and to suggest CSA cutoff values for elderly patients. This study evaluated the data of 120 patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia between July 2019 and August 2020. Demographic and gastric ultrasound assessment data were retrieved.

Predicting the risk of inappropriate depth of endotracheal intubation in pediatric patients using machine learning approaches.

Endotracheal tube (ET) misplacement is common in pediatric patients, which can lead to the serious complication. It would be helpful if there is an easy-to-use tool to predict the optimal ET depth considering in each patient's characteristics. Therefore, we plan to develop a novel machine learning (ML) model to predict the appropriate ET depth in pediatric patients.

Machine learning for prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a still highly relevant problem and is known to be a distressing side effect in patients. The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning model to predict PONV up to 24 h with fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA).

Methods: From July 2019 and July 2020, data from 2,149 patients who received fentanyl-based IV-PCA for analgesia after non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia were applied to develop predictive models.

Oxygen reserve index guided fraction of inspired oxygen titration to reduce hyperoxemia during laparoscopic gastrectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: The usefulness of the oxygen reserve index (ORi) in reducing hyperoxemia remains unclear. We designed this study to investigate whether fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) adjustment under a combination of ORi and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) guidance can reduce intraoperative hyperoxemia compared to SpO2 alone.

Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study, we allocated patients scheduled for laparoscopic gastrectomy to the SpO2 group (FiO2 adjusted to target SpO2 ≥ 98%) or the ORi-SpO2 group (FiO2 adjusted to target 0 < 0 ORi < .

Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Chronic Lower Back Pain in People Aged over 50 Years.

: Chronic lower back pain (LBP) is a common clinical disorder. The early identification of patients who will develop chronic LBP would help develop preventive measures and treatment. We aimed to develop machine learning models that can accurately predict the risk of chronic LBP.

Gastric emptying of preoperative carbohydrate in elderly assessed using gastric ultrasonography: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Preoperative carbohydrate loading enhances postoperative recovery and reduces patient discomfort. However, gastric emptying of liquids can be delayed in elderly populations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the gastric emptying of 400 mL of a carbohydrate drink ingested 2 hours before surgery in elderly patients.

Machine learning model for predicting the optimal depth of tracheal tube insertion in pediatric patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To construct a prediction model for optimal tracheal tube depth in pediatric patients using machine learning.

Methods: Pediatric patients aged <7 years who received post-operative ventilation after undergoing surgery between January 2015 and December 2018 were investigated in this retrospective study. The optimal location of the tracheal tube was defined as the median of the distance between the upper margin of the first thoracic(T1) vertebral body and the lower margin of the third thoracic(T3) vertebral body.

Text Mining Approaches to Analyze Public Sentiment Changes Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media in Korea.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world, resulting in a tremendous change to people's lifestyles. We investigated the Korean public response to COVID-19 vaccines on social media from 23 February 2021 to 22 March 2021. We collected tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines using the Korean words for "coronavirus" and "vaccines" as keywords.

Gastric Ultrasound Assessing Gastric Emptying of Preoperative Carbohydrate Drinks: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Study.

Background: Tools for the evaluation of gastric emptying have evolved over time. The purpose of this study was to show that the risk of pulmonary aspiration is not increased with carbohydrate drink, by demonstrating that the gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA) of the NO-NPO group is either equivalent to or less than that of the NPO (nil per os) group.

Methods: Sixty-four patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic benign gynecologic surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to the NPO group (n = 32) or the NO-NPO group (n = 32).

Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading in Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objective: To determine whether carbohydrate loading improves the postoperative quality of recovery (QoR) better than the midnight fasting policy in laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries.

Design: Randomized, parallel-group trial.

Setting: Tertiary university hospital.

Phosphorylation of RIAM by src promotes integrin activation by unmasking the PH domain of RIAM.

Integrin activation controls cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. RIAM (RAP1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule) is recruited by activated RAP1 to the plasma membrane (PM) to mediate integrin activation via an inside-out signaling pathway. This process requires the association of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of RIAM with the membrane PIP2.

Application of machine learning approaches for osteoporosis risk prediction in postmenopausal women.

Unlabelled: Many predictive tools have been reported for assessing osteoporosis risk. The development and validation of osteoporosis risk prediction models were supported by machine learning.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a silent disease until it results in fragility fractures.

Comparison of two different shapes of stylets for intubation with the McGrath MAC® video laryngoscope: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study was performed to compare two different shapes of stylets, 60° and J-shaped stylets, for intubation using the McGrath MAC® video laryngoscope (MVL).

Methods: Two hundred twenty-two patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to Group J (n = 111) or Group 60° (n = 111) and intubated using the MVL with the stylet bent into the allocated shape. The time to intubation (TTI) and other intubating profiles were compared between the groups.

Comparison of vasodilatory properties between desflurane and sevoflurane using perfusion index: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The perfusion index (PI), calculated from the photoplethysmographic waveform, reflects peripheral vasomotor tone. As such, the PI serves as a surrogate for quantitative measures of drug-induced vasoconstriction or vasodilation. This study aimed to compare the effect on the PI of desflurane and sevoflurane at equi-anaesthetic concentrations in patients undergoing single-agent inhalation anaesthesia, where equi-anaesthetic dose was based on the known minimum alveolar concentration of these agents.

Evaluation of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative management of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a commonly performed minimally invasive procedure that has led to lower levels of pain, as well as procedure-related mortality and morbidity. However, VATS requires analgesia that blocks both visceral and somatic nerve fibers for more effective pain control. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in the postoperative analgesia management of patients undergoing VATS.

Anti-Allodynic Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in an Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Background: Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model is one of the representative models of the neuropathic pain model. Neuropathic pain in a chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) mimics the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The administration of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which has regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects, has been studied and is used in clinical practice treating various diseases.

Effect of replacing corn with soy hulls on nutrient digestibility of growing pigs.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing corn with soy hulls on nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. Three experimental diets were tested using a 3 × 3 Latin square design using three barrows per group (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, average initial body weight of 36.9 ± 4.

Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: A pilot study.

Established conventional treatments for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and postherpetic itch (PHI) are difficult and often disappointing. In this study, the authors investigated the effect and mechanisms of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on pain and itch associated with PHN and PHI.Thirteen patients, 50 to 80 years of age, with symptoms associated with PHN or PHI (duration of persistent pain >3 months) and complaints of pain or itch rated >4 on a numerical rating scale (NRS), were included.

Effects of exogenous emulsifier supplementation on growth performance, energy digestibility, and meat quality in broilers.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous emulsifier supplementation on growth performance, energy digestibility, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 60 Ross 308 broilers were treated for two weeks. The three dietary treatments were: (CON) basal diet; (T1) basal diet + 0.