Role of occlusion in periodontal disease.

This article deals with establishing a new link between trauma from occlusion and periodontal pockets based on the know-how and background gradually developed. To provide a better understanding to the reader, a historical perspective is firstly presented. The main features on the controversy of the role played by trauma from occlusion on the physiologic behavior of the periodontal structures are shown, together with how deviations from the normal characteristics of this relationship itself affect the integrity of the periodontal tissues when or associated with dental biofilm in the presence or not of periodontal pockets have arisen.

Osteogenic cells transfer improving root coverage: A randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objective: The aim of this interventional, parallel-assignment, single-blinded, randomized, efficacy study was to investigate the efficacy of the treatment of gingival recessions by osteogenic cell transfer. This is the first randomized clinical trial of this nature.

Material And Methods: Treatment of Miller class I or II gingival recessions >4 mm was randomly defined by casual sorting and performed by newly forming bone graft (NFBG) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) or subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and CAF (control).

Isolation and characterization of progenitor cells from surgically created early healing alveolar defects in humans: A preliminary study.

Background: The granulation tissue present in surgically-created early healing sockets has been considered as a possible source of osteoprogenitor cells for periodontal regeneration, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the in vitro osteogenic properties of tissue removed from human surgically-created early healing alveolar defects (SC-EHAD) remains to be established, being that the aim of this study.

Methods: Surgical defects were created in the edentulous ridge of two systemically healthy adults.

Occlusal trauma and mucositis or peri-implantitis?

Background And Overview: The aim of this study was to describe the effects of bruxism in peri-implant bone loss 6 years after the placement of a successful implant-supported prosthesis, to describe its treatment, and to propose a differential diagnosis of the lesion.

Case Description: A 62-year-old, nonsmoking, systemically healthy partially edentulous woman received 2 osseointegrated implants in the mandibular left region, which supported a 3-element fixed prosthesis. Six years later, the patient reported the development of bruxism.

Lasers in periodontal therapy.

About 50 years ago, lasers started to be used in periodontal treatment following evidence that wounds produced in animals healed more quickly after being irradiated with low-intensity lasers. Increased production of growth factors, stimulated mainly by red and infrared lasers, may participate in this process by influencing the behavior of various types of cells. High-intensity lasers have been used as an alternative to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in root biomodification and to reduce dentin hypersensivity; low-intensity lasers are frequently employed to improve tissue repair in regenerative procedures and in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Demineralization of the contacting surfaces in autologous onlay bone grafts improves bone formation and bone consolidation.

Background: Autologous bone grafts are usually well consolidated after 4 to 5 months but can be incompletely interlocked with the native bone. This study investigated the effect of acid demineralization of the graft-bed interface on graft consolidation.

Methods: Onlay bone grafts were performed on the calvaria of 36 guinea pigs.

Newly forming bone graft: a novel surgical approach to the treatment of denuded roots.

Unlabelled: Many techniques have been proposed for root coverage. However, none of them presents predictable results in deep and wide recessions.

Objectives: The aim of this case series report is to describe an alternative technique for root coverage at sites showing deep recessions and attachment loss >4 mm at buccal sites.

Laser therapy as an effective method for implant surface decontamination: a histomorphometric study in rats.

Background: To the best of the authors' knowledge, a standard protocol for treating peri-implantitis is not yet established.

Methods: A total of 150 titanium disks with smooth or rough surfaces contaminated with microbial biofilm were implanted subcutaneously in rats after undergoing one of three treatments: 1) low-intensity laser (LIL); 2) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT); or 3) toluidine blue O (TBO). Sterile and contaminated disks served as negative (NC) and positive (C) control groups, respectively.

Influence of combined oral contraceptives on the periodontal condition.

Unlabelled: Most studies investigating the impact of oral contraceptives have been performed some years ago, when the level of sexual hormones was greater than the actual formulations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of current combined oral contraceptives (COC) on periodontal tissues, correlating the clinical parameters examined with the total duration of continuous oral contraceptive intake.

Material And Methods: Twenty-five women (19-35 years old) taking combined oral contraceptives for at least 1 year were included in the test group.

Keratinized Gingiva Determines a Homeostatic Behavior of Gingival Sulcus through Transudation of Gingival Crevice Fluid.

Objective. To shed light on the role of KG, its influence on periodontal behavior was investigated. Methods.

Comparison among four commonly used demineralizing agents for root conditioning: a scanning electron microscopy.

Unlabelled: Dental roots that have been exposed to the oral cavity and periodontal pocket environment present superficial changes, which can prevent connective tissue reattachment. Demineralizing agents have been used as an adjunct to the periodontal treatment aiming at restoring the biocompatibility of roots.

Objective: This study compared four commonly used demineralizing agents for their capacity of removing smear layer and opening dentin tubules.

Periodontal treatment during pregnancy decreases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome: a controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease during the second trimester of gestation on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Material And Methods: Pregnant patients during the 1st and 2nd trimesters at antenatal care in a Public Health Center were divided into 2 groups: NIG--"no intervention" (n=17) or IG--"intervention" (n=16). IG patients were submitted to a non-surgical periodontal treatment performed by a single periodontist consisting of scaling and root planning (SRP), professional prophylaxis (PROPH) and oral hygiene instruction (OHI).

Digital subtraction radiographic analysis of the combination of bioabsorbable membrane and bovine morphogenetic protein pool in human periodontal infrabony defects.

Objectives: This study assessed the bone density gain and its relationship with the periodontal clinical parameters in a case series of a regenerative therapy procedure.

Material And Methods: Using a split-mouth study design, 10 pairs of infrabony defects from 15 patients were treated with a pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins associated with collagen membrane (test sites) or collagen membrane only (control sites). The periodontal healing was clinically and radiographically monitored for six months.

Differential production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, stromal-derived factor-1, and IL-6 by human cultured periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts challenged with lipopolysaccharide from P. gingivalis.

Background: Fibroblasts are considered important cells in periodontitis. When challenged by different agents, they respond through the release of cytokines that participate in the inflammatory process. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the expression and production of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1, and interleukin (IL)-6 by human cultured periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Experimental surgical and orthodontic extrusion of teeth in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the root surfaces of teeth submitted to orthodontic and surgical extrusion procedures in a dog model. Eighteen adult male dogs, divided into six groups of three dogs each, were used in the study. Each animal underwent two procedures: rapid orthodontic extrusion and surgical extrusion of the maxillary lateral incisors.

A combined regenerative approach for the treatment of aggressive periodontitis: long-term follow-up of a familial case.

This article reports the longitudinal follow-up of a familial case of aggressive periodontitis treated by a combined regenerative approach that consisted of root conditioning, bone grafting, and membrane positioning. Treatment resulted in attachment level gain, reduction of probing depth, absence of bleeding on probing, and complete bone filling of the defect. The short-term results obtained after surgery were maintained after 6 years, suggesting that the combined regenerative approach is able to completely arrest the disease with long-term stability.

Fibrin adhesive derived from snake venom in periodontal surgery: histological analysis.

Background: A new fibrin adhesive made of buffalo plasma-derived fibrinogen and a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme, has been successfully used to immobilize free gingival grafts. This case series histologically compared sutured grafts (control group) with others immobilized by using the fibrin adhesive (experimental group).

Case Description: The grafts were placed in the contralateral mandibular bicuspids of 15 patients, so that each subject received one treatment of each type.

Evaluation of clinical periodontal conditions in smokers and non-smokers.

Given that tobacco smoking habit is a risk factor for periodontal diseases, the aim of this study was to compare clinical periodontal aspects between smokers and non-smokers. The clinical status were assessed in 55 patients, 29 smokers and 26 non-smokers, aged 30 to 50 years, with mean age of 40. The clinical parameters used were: probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) for arches (upper and lower) and teeth (anterior and posterior).

Fibrin adhesive derived from snake venom in periodontal surgery.

Background: A new fibrin adhesive made of buffalo plasma-derived fibrinogen and a thrombin-like enzyme obtained from snake venom was evaluated in this case series with regard to its applicability in periodontal surgery. Free gingival grafts that were sutured (control group) were compared to others immobilized through the use of the adhesive (experimental group).

Methods: The grafts were carried out in contralateral mandibular bicuspids of 15 patients so that each subject received one treatment of each type.

Effects of TGF-beta1, PDGF-BB, and IGF-1 on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of a periodontal ligament cell lineage in vitro.

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.

Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 10(3) cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor.

Effects of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and IGF-1 on the Rate of Proliferation and Adhesion of a Periodontal Ligament Cell Lineage In Vitro.

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.

Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 10 cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor.

Increasing the apico-coronal dimension of attached gingiva using the modified apically repositioned flap technique: a case series with a 6-month follow-up.

Background: This case series reports on the effectiveness of the modified apically repositioned flap (MARF) in increasing the apico-coronal dimension of attached gingiva over multiple adjacent teeth.

Methods: The MARF surgical technique consists of a single horizontal incision within keratinized tissue, elevation of a split-thickness flap, and suturing of the flap to the periosteum in an apical position. The periosteum is left exposed so that the full perimeter of the wound is surrounded by keratinized tissue.

Interdisciplinary treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis: a new perspective to an old problem.

What can be done for a 17-year-old girl with localized juvenile periodontitis, a Class II malocclusion, and flared teeth? Is it possible to regain epithelial attachment and rebuild the bone architecture? Is it possible to achieve good esthetics and occlusion with conventional orthodontic treatment, or is an interdisciplinary approach needed? What sequence should be followed? What is the prognosis for the affected teeth in the long term? Our aim in this article was to review the literature and present a clinical case to shed more light on the subject.

Histomorphometric study of the healing of human oral mucosa after gingivoplasty and low-level laser therapy.

Background And Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of diode laser irradiation on the healing of human oral mucosa.

Materials And Methods: After gingivoplasty, the right hemi-arch (test group) of 16 patients was irradiated with a diode laser. The left side (control group) was not irradiated.

Influence of age, sex, plaque and smoking on periodontal conditions in a population from Bauru, Brazil.

Epidemiology is the study of health and disease in populations, and of how these conditions are influenced by heredity, biology, physical environment, social environment, and personal behavior. There are many epidemiological studies in Brazilian population but few about the influence of some risk factors in periodontal conditions. This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the influence of age, sex, plaque and smoking on periodontal disease in a population from Bauru (Brazil).