Study of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the 13-pneumococcal conjugated vaccine era.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant concern among children under 5, despite vaccination efforts. This study assessed IPD prevalence and associated risks in pediatric population.

Methods: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, of IPD cases in children under 13 from January 2012 to September 2022.

Nanoemulsion Increases the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B against Four Clades: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays.

is an emerging yeast of worldwide interest due to its antifungal resistance and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a nanoemulsion loaded with amphotericin B (NEA) against planktonic cells and biofilm of clinical isolates belonging to four different clades. In vivo assays were performed using the model to analyse antifungal activity and histopathological changes.

Usefulness of Chromogenic Media with Fluconazole Supplementation for Presumptive Identification of .

Introduction:Candida auris is a major threat to public health. Rapid detection is essential for early treatment and transmission control. The use of chromogenic media allows the presumptive identification of this new species.

In vitro Azole antifungals susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates from HIV-infected patients with periodontitis.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro Azole antifungals susceptibility of Candida spp. strains isolated from HIV-positive patients with periodontitis.

Methods: Oral examination was performed in 500 HIV-positive patients, of which 228 were included in the study for having periodontitis which and separated in two groups based on their TCD4 T-cells: (A) n = 110 (≤200 CD4); (B) n = 118 (>200 CD4).

spp. Determination and Th1/Th2 Mixed Cytokine Profile in Oral Samples From HIV+ Patients With Chronic Periodontitis.

Chronic periodontitis (CP), caused by bacteria and fungi, appears in up to 66% of HIV-patients. The impact and association of HIV-treatment (HAART) and itself has not been properly evaluated in the development and progression of CP. The immunopathogenesis is characterized by CD4 T-cells activation and the balance between the T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) or a mixed cytokine profile.

Analysis of the 3H8 antigen of Candida albicans reveals new aspects of the organization of fungal cell wall proteins.

The walls of both, yeast and mycelial cells of Candida albicans possess a species-specific antigen that is recognized by a monoclonal antibody (MAb 3H8). This antigen can be extracted in the form of a very high Mr complex, close or over 106 Da, by treatment, with β-1,3-glucanase, β mercaptoethanol or dithothreitol, or mild alkali, but not by saturated hydrogen fluoride (HF) in pyridine, suggesting that the complex is bound to wall β-1,3 glucans, and to proteins by disulfide bonds, but not to β-1,6 glucans. Through its sensitivity to trypsin and different deglycosylation procedures, it was concluded that the epitope is associated to a glycoprotein containing N-glycosidic, but not O-glycosidic mannan moieties.

Differentiation of Candida parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis by specific PCR amplification of the RPS0 intron.

Although Candida parapsilosis is the most prevalent among the 3 species of the *psilosis group, studies applying DNA-based diagnostic techniques with isolates previously identified as C. parapsilosis have revealed that both C. orthopsilosis and C.

Pga26 mediates filamentation and biofilm formation and is required for virulence in Candida albicans.

The Candida albicans gene PGA26 encodes a small cell wall protein and is upregulated during de novo wall synthesis in protoplasts. Disruption of PGA26 caused hypersensitivity to cell wall-perturbing compounds (Calcofluor white and Congo red) and to zymolyase, which degrades the cell wall β-1,3-glucan network. However, susceptibility to caspofungin, an inhibitor of β-1,3-glucan synthesis, was decreased.