Extratympanic Observation of Middle and Inner Ear Structures in Rodents Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides useful information about the microstructures of the middle and inner ear via extratympanic approach and thereby could be utilized as an alternative diagnostic technology in ear imaging.

Methods: Five rats and mice were included, and the swept-source OCT system was applied to confirm the extent of visibility of the middle and inner ear and measure the length or thickness of the microstructures in the ear. The cochlea was subsequently dissected following OCT and histologically evaluated to compare with the OCT images.

Transvenous Stent-assisted Coil Embolization for Management of Dehiscent High Jugular Bulb With Tinnitus and Contralateral Hypoplastic Venous Sinuses.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transvenous stent-assisted coil embolization for dehiscent high jugular bulb (HJB) with tinnitus and contralateral hypoplastic venous sinus.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary academic medical center.

Audiologic, surgical and subjective outcomes of active transcutaneous bone conduction implant system (Bonebridge).

Our objective was to evaluate the surgical restrictions, audiologic benefits and satisfaction from using an active transcutaneous bone conduction device (BCD), Bonebridge (BB) in patients with mixed/conductive hearing loss (MCHL) or single-sided deafness (SSD). A retrospective review from all patients who underwent BB surgery at the Pusan National University Hospital from 2015 to 2017 for SSD or MCHL was performed. Twenty-two patients with SSD and five with MCHL had a BB implanted and analysed.

Comparison of Two Different Treatment Protocols Using Systemic and Intratympanic Steroids with and without Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Severe to Profound Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of simultaneous steroid and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with severe to profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), which has a poor prognosis.

Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with severe to profound ISSNHL (≥70 dB HL) were randomly divided into two groups in a prospective controlled trial: an oral steroid + intratympanic steroid injection (ITSI) group (control group) and an oral steroid + ITSI + HBOT group (study group). Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) results and word discrimination scores (WDS) were compared between the two groups before treatment and 10 days and 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment.

Prevalence and incidence of clinically significant patulous Eustachian tube: A population-based study using the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the entire population-based prevalence and incidence of Patulous Eustachian tube (PET) using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database. The annual trends of prevalence and incidence of PET were also investigated.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of PET patients was performed between 2010 and 2016, from the NHI claims database.

A Case of Inverted Papilloma of The Mastoid Cavity After Cholesteatoma Surgery.

An inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm that occurs exclusively in the sinonasal cavity; an inverted papilloma involving the mastoid cavity is extremely rare. We present the case of a patient with an inverted papilloma of the mastoid cavity secondary to cholesteatoma surgery. No case that occurred after acquired cholesteatoma has been reported in literature.

Application of endoscopy in otology: Changes over the last 8years in Korean Otological Society.

Objectives: Despite the worldwide availability of endoscope in otology, it still has not replaced the microscopic surgery as it has for nose surgery. In 2008, we administered a questionnaire on the preference of using otoscopes in Korea. In light of the worldwide availability of endoscopic ear surgery, we have now conducted a more detailed survey to determine if this preference has changed over 8years.

Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Presenting as Pulsatile Tinnitus Treated with External Manual Compression.

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) have been treated by transarterial or transvenous embolization, surgery, and radiosurgery. Besides these treatment options, the external compression technique is a non-invasive, low-cost form of treatment. This article reports that a 60-year-old man with DAVF between multiple arterial branches and transverse/sigmoid sinus was treated by repeated external manual compression method.

Endoscopic autologous cartilage injection for the patulous eustachian tube.

Patulous eustachian tube (PET) can have a significant negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Several methods of surgical management can be an option to treat PET, and our objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous cartilage injection in patients with PET. Thirty-three ears of twenty-five patients with chronic PET refractory to conservative treatment were enrolled to this study.

The efficacy and safety of systemic injection of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb761, in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Steroids are currently the most frequently accepted agents for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). However, the therapeutic effect of steroids is not always satisfactory. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether systemic treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) has an additive therapeutic effect in patients receiving a systemic steroid due to ISSNHL.

Trans-tympanic catheter insertion for treatment of patulous eustachian tube.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of trans-tympanic catheter insertion (TCI) in patients with refractory patulous eustachian tube (PET).

Methods: TCI was attempted in thirty-six ears of twenty-nine patients with chronic PET refractory to conservative treatment. The catheter was inserted under local anesthesia in an operating room through the bony orifice of the eustachian tube (ET) to occlude the isthmus of the tube via a myringotomy site on the tympanic membrane.

Recurrent benign myoepithelioma of the auricle.

Myoepithelioma, a generally benign tumor comprised of myoepithlial cells, is an uncommon salivary gland tumor. Myoepithelioma originates primarily in the parotid gland, but several isolated cases have been described. Although myoepithelioma has a benign nature, but there is a potential risk of malignant change and recurrence in case of incomplete resection.

Extratympanic observation of middle ear structure using a refractive index matching material (glycerol) and an infrared camera.

High-resolution computed tomography has been used mainly in the diagnosis of middle ear disease, such as high-jugular bulb, congenital cholesteatoma, and ossicular disruption. However, certain diagnoses are confirmed through exploratory tympanotomy. There are few noninvasive methods available to observe the middle ear.

Calcium hydroxylapatite injection for the patulous Eustachian tube.

The function of the E-tube is to adjust the balance of both sides of the ear drum. The patulous Eustachian tube (PET) is a rare disease and a benign condition. So, most of the doctors ignored this disease.

The reversed internal magnet of cochlear implant after magnetic resonance imaging.

Cochlear implants (CI) have now become a standard method of treating severe to profound hearing loss. Recently, the number of patients with CI has been rapidly increasing as the big benefits of CI become more widely known. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also become a routine diagnostic imaging modality, used in the diagnosis of common conditions, including stroke, back pain, and headache.

Multidisciplinary approach to lethal bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation in the external auditory canal.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are composed of abnormally connecting feeding arteries as well as draining veins and lack a regulatory system. Frequent recurrences and unpredictable behavior are their main problems. Potential mortality and morbidity associated with therapeutic procedures must be considered with these patients.

Cochlear implantation for severe sensorineural hearing loss caused by lightning.

Lightning strike can produce an array of clinical symptoms and injuries. It may damage multiple organs and cause auditory injuries ranging from transient hearing loss and vertigo to complete disruption of the auditory system. Tympanic-membrane rupture is relatively common in patients with lightning injury.

Radiologic analysis of high jugular bulb by computed tomography.

Introduction: Many previous studies of high jugular bulb (HJB) have limitations, such as focusing simply on the incidence or having a relatively small number of subjects. The objective of this article was to investigate the overall incidence of HJB and bony dehiscence in HJB on a large scale using high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography. The other purpose was to measure the horizontal distance from the tympanic annulus and the height above the annulus.

Acute otitis media-induced petrous apicitis presenting as the Gradenigo syndrome: successfully treated by ventilation tube insertion.

Petrous apicitis has traditionally been treated with aggressive surgical methods. However, recent reports describe good results with more conservative medical treatment and minimal surgical intervention. We report a case of petrous apicitis presenting as the Gradenigo syndrome treated by ventilation tube insertion.

Autologous cartilage injection for the patulous eustachian tube.

The eustachian tube (ET) is normally closed, but it opens temporarily during swallowing. Patients with a patulous ET (PET) have various aural symptoms such as aural fullness, autophony, and hearing their own breathing. These symptoms are caused by abnormal transmission of sound from the pharynx to the middle ear via an open ET with little attenuation.

The effect of radiosurgery on cochlear implant function.

Cochlear implants are used worldwide for the treatment of severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in both adults and children. A number of implantees are likely to be treated with radiosurgery later in life, but very little is known about the effects of radiosurgery on cochlear implants. We report a cochlear-implanted patient who underwent radiosurgery due to a recurrent meningioma.

Histologic changes in the auditory tube mucosa of rats after long-term exposure to cigarette smoke.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on the auditory tube and middle ear mucosa after long-term exposure (4 and 6 months).

Materials And Methods: Fifteen rats were divided into 3 groups. The experimental groups were exposed to cigarette in a smoking chamber for 4 and 6 months (n = 5 each).

Effect of botulinum toxin type a on a rat surgical wound model.

Objectives: The tension on a wound is one of the important factors that determine the degree of fibrosis and scar formation. We hypothesized that local botulinum toxin type A (Botox) induced paralysis of the musculature subjacent to a surgical wound with a skin defect would minimize the repetitive tensile forces on the surgical wound's edges, and this will result in a decreased fibroplastic response and fibrosis of the wound.

Methods: This is a prospective randomized experimental study.