Acid-Stable Cu Cluster Precatalysts Enable High Energy and Carbon Efficiency in CO Electroreduction.

The electrochemical reduction of CO in acidic media offers the advantage of high carbon utilization, but achieving high selectivity to C products at a low overpotential remains a challenge. We identified the chemical instability of oxide-derived Cu catalysts as a reason that advances in neutral/alkaline electrolysis do not translate to acidic conditions. In acid, Cu ions leach from Cu oxides, leading to the deactivation of the C-active sites of Cu nanoparticles.

Multi-Functional Silole Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Lead-Tin Perovskite and Tandem Solar Cells.

Despite high theoretical efficiencies and rapid improvements in performance, high-efficiency ≈1.2 eV mixed Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) generally rely on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) as the hole transport layer (HTL); a material that is considered to be a bottleneck for long-term stability due to its acidity and hygroscopic nature. Seeking to replace PEDOT: PSS with an alternative HTL with improved atmospheric and thermal stability, herein, a silole derivative (Silole-COOH) tuned with optimal electronic properties and efficient carrier transport by incorporating a carboxyl functional group is designed, which results in an optimal band alignment for hole extraction from Sn-Pb perovskites and robust air and thermal stability.

Quantum barriers engineering toward radiative and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Efficient photovoltaic devices must be efficient light emitters to reach the thermodynamic efficiency limit. Here, we present a promising prospect of perovskite photovoltaics as bright emitters by harnessing the significant benefits of photon recycling, which can be practically achieved by suppressing interfacial quenching. We have achieved radiative and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices by the design of a multiple quantum well structure with long (∼3 nm) organic spacers with oleylammonium molecules at perovskite top interfaces.

Ethanol purification enables high-quality α-phase FAPbI perovskite microcrystals for commercial photovoltaic applications.

Reliable quality and sustainable processes must be developed for commodities to enter the commercial stage. For next-generation photovoltaic applications such as perovskite solar cells, it is essential to manufacture high-quality photoactive perovskites eco-friendly processes. We demonstrate that ethanol, an ideal green solvent, can be applied to yield efficient alpha-phase FAPbI perovskite microcrystals.

Nickel Oxide Hole Injection Layers for Balanced Charge Injection in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising for next-generation displays, but suffer from carrier imbalance arising from lower hole injection compared to electron injection. A defect engineering strategy is reported to tackle transport limitations in nickel oxide-based inorganic hole-injection layers (HILs) and find that hole injection is able to enhance in high-performance InP QLEDs using the newly designed material. Through optoelectronic simulations, how the electronic properties of NiO affect hole injection efficiency into an InP QD layer, finding that efficient hole injection depends on lowering the hole injection barrier and enhancing the acceptor density of NiO is explored.

Low-loss contacts on textured substrates for inverted perovskite solar cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) promise enhanced operating stability compared to their normal-structure counterparts. To improve efficiency further, it is crucial to combine effective light management with low interfacial losses. Here we develop a conformal self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as the hole-selective contact on light-managing textured substrates.

A Case of Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis Associated with an Initial Presentation in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is an inflammatory dermatosis associated with systemic immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and ulcerative colitis. Histologically, serial development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis is shown from an early stage, which can progress to palisading granuloma in the fully developed stage and to fibrosis in the final stage. A 32-year-old man presented with ankylosing spondylitis showing multiple erythematous papules on his fingers, elbows, knees, and left auricle.

Assessing the impact of turbulent kinetic energy boundary conditions on turbulent flow simulations using computational fluid dynamics.

Computational fluid dynamics has been widely used to study hemodynamics, but accurately determining boundary conditions for turbulent blood flow remains challenging. This study aims to investigate the effect of patient-specific turbulence boundary conditions on the accuracy of turbulent flow simulation. Using a stenosis model with 50% severity in diameter, the post-stenosis turbulence flow region was simulated with different planes to obtain inlet boundary conditions and simulate downstream flows.

The N-degron pathway mediates lipophagy: The chemical modulation of lipophagy in obesity and NAFLD.

Background And Aims: Central to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of lipids in the liver and various fat tissues. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver and adipocytes are degraded by the autophagy-lysosome system and develop therapeutic means to modulate lipophagy, i.e.

Control over Charge Carrier Mobility in the Hole Transport Layer Enables Fast Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors.

Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for photodetectors operating in the short-wavelength infrared region (SWIR). Devices typically rely on CQD-based hole transport layers (HTL), such as CQDs treated using 1,2-ethanedithiol. Herein, we find that these HTL materials exhibit low carrier mobility, limiting the photodiode response speed.

Suppressed phase segregation for triple-junction perovskite solar cells.

The tunable bandgaps and facile fabrication of perovskites make them attractive for multi-junction photovoltaics. However, light-induced phase segregation limits their efficiency and stability: this occurs in wide-bandgap (>1.65 electron volts) iodide/bromide mixed perovskite absorbers, and becomes even more acute in the top cells of triple-junction solar photovoltaics that require a fully 2.

Bifunctional Electron-Transporting Agent for Red Colloidal Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots have enabled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are heavy-metal-free, narrow in emission linewidth, and physically flexible. However, ZnO/ZnMgO, the electron-transporting layer (ETL) in high-performance red InP/ZnSe/ZnS LEDs, suffers from high defect densities, quenches luminescence when deposited on InP, and induces performance degradation that arises due to trap migration from the ETL to the InP emitting layer. We posited that the formation of Zn traps on the outer ZnS shell, combined with sulfur and oxygen vacancy migration between ZnO/ZnMgO and InP, may account for this issue.

A Universal Perovskite Nanocrystal Ink for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices.

Semiconducting lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their solution processability and outstanding optoelectronic properties. While the field of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photovoltaics (PVs), two prime examples of optoelectronic devices, has recently seen a multitude of efforts toward high-performance PNC-based devices, realizing both devices with high efficiencies and stabilities through a single PNC processing strategy has remained a challenge.  In this work, diphenylpropylammonium (DPAI) surface ligands, found through a judicious ab-initio-based ligand search, are shown to provide a solution to this problem.

Mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-phagy accelerated by a p62 ZZ ligand alleviates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Background And Purpose: Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced hepatotoxicity is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury worldwide. Autophagy is a degradative process by which various cargoes are collected by the autophagic receptors such as p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 for lysosomal degradation. Here, we investigated the protective role of p62-dependent autophagy in paracetamol-induced liver injury.

Dipole Engineering through the Orientation of Interface Molecules for Efficient InP Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

InP-based quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) provide a heavy-metal-free route to size-tuned LEDs having high efficiency. The stability of QLEDs may be enhanced by replacing organic hole-injection layers (HILs) with inorganic layers. However, inorganic HILs reported to date suffer from inefficient hole injection, the result of their shallow work functions.

The Cys-N-degron pathway modulates pexophagy through the N-terminal oxidation and arginylation of ACAD10.

In the N-degron pathway, N-recognins recognize cognate substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) or the autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). We have recently shown that the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is an N-recognin that binds the N-terminal arginine (Nt-Arg) as an N-degron to modulate autophagic proteolysis. Here, we show that the N-degron pathway mediates pexophagy, in which damaged peroxisomal fragments are degraded by autophagy under normal and oxidative stress conditions.

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy significantly contributes to the severity of neurogenic intermittent claudication in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis.

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is a known contributor to lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). However, the clinical significance and quantitative role of LFH compared to other components, such as disc bulging and facet hypertrophy, have not yet been examined. We investigated the correlation between the quantitative radiological factors, clinical symptoms, and outcomes in patients with LSCS.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of flurbiprofen in different CYP2C9 genotypes.

The aim of this study was to establish the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of flurbiprofen related to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism and describe the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen in different CYP2C9 genotypes. PK-Sim® software was used for the model development and validation. A total of 16 clinical pharmacokinetic data for flurbiprofen in different CYP2C9 genotypes, dose regimens, and age groups were used for the PBPK modeling.

Avoiding Overcorrection to Increase Patient Satisfaction After Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy.

Background: Achieving the postoperative mechanical axis passing through 62.5% of the tibial plateau is considered successful osteotomy surgery. Despite precise preoperative planning and surgical techniques, some procedures result in under- or overcorrection.

Targeted Inhibition of O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Chemosensitivity and Attenuate Aggressive Tumor Traits in Chemoresistant Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

Acquisition of acquired chemoresistance during treatment cycles in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the major cause of death through enhancing the risk of cancer progression and metastasis. Elevated glucose flux through the abnormal upregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) controls key signaling and metabolic pathways regulating diverse cancer cell phenotypes. This study showed that OGT expression levels in two human UCB cell models with acquired resistance to gemcitabine and paclitaxel were significantly upregulated compared with those in parental cells.

A visible-light phototransistor based on the heterostructure of ZnO and TiO with trap-assisted photocurrent generation.

Visible-light phototransistors have been fabricated based on the heterojunction of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO). A thin layer of TiO was deposited onto the spin-coated ZnO film atomic layer deposition (ALD). The electrical characteristics of the TiO layer were optimized by controlling the purge time of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP).

Chemical modulation of SQSTM1/p62-mediated xenophagy that targets a broad range of pathogenic bacteria.

The N-degron pathway is a proteolytic system in which the N-terminal degrons (N-degrons) of proteins, such as arginine (Nt-Arg), induce the degradation of proteins and subcellular organelles via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) or macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). Here, we developed the chemical mimics of the N-degron Nt-Arg as a pharmaceutical means to induce targeted degradation of intracellular bacteria via autophagy, such as serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium), , and as well as (Mtb).

Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as a Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells.

π-Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been studied as interlayers on top of a separate hole transport layer (HTL) to improve the wetting, interfacial defect passivation, and crystal growth of perovskites. However, very few CPE-based HTLs have been reported without rational molecular design as ideal HTLs for perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). In this study, the authors synthesize a triphenylamine-based anionic CPE (TPAFS-TMA) as an HTL for p-i-n-type PeSCs.