Reliability and Feasibility of the Memory Associative Test TMA-93.

Background: Memory tests focused on binding may be more sensitive to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early phase. TMA-93 examines relational binding by images.

Objective: Evaluate the reliability (internal consistency and inter-rater and test-retest reliability) and feasibility of the TMA-93 in a clinic setting with low-educated individuals and limited face-to-face time per patient.

Norms for Testing Visual Binding Using the Memory Associative Test (TMA-93) in Older Educationally-Diverse Adults.

Background: TMA-93 examines binding by images, a potential advantage for less-educated individuals.

Objective: To obtain norms from older Spanish adults for TMA-93.

Methods: A cross-sectional normative study was undertaken in a general neurology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in the Southern Spanish region of Andalusia.

TMA-93 for Diagnosing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison With the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test.

Background: TMA-93 examines binding by images, an advantage for the less educated individuals.

Aim: To compare the discriminative validity of TMA-93 against the picture version of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) to distinguish patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NCs) without excluding less educated individuals.

Design: Phase I diagnostic evaluation study.