Photobiomodulation Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A Systematic Review of Studies.

Background: Stem cell therapy has been considered to play a paramount role in the treatment modalities available for regenerative dentistry. The established beneficial effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) at the cellular level have led to the combined use of these two factors (PBM and stem cells). The main goal of this study was firstly to critically appraise the effects of PBM on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and secondly to explore the most effective PBM protocols applied.

The influence of delivery power losses and full operating parametry on the effectiveness of diode visible-near infra-red (445-1064 nm) laser therapy in dentistry-a multi-centre investigation.

The development of protocols for laser-assisted therapy demands strict compliance with comprehensive operating parametry. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the accuracy of correlation between laser control panel and fibre emission power values in a selection of diode dental lasers. Through retrospective analysis using successive systematic review and meta-analysis, it is clear that there is inconsistency in the details, and possible inaccuracies in laser power applied and associated computed data.

Effect of different types of adhesive systems on the bond strength and marginal integrity of composite restorations in cavities prepared with the erbium laser-a systematic review.

There are inconclusive results regarding etching and bonding protocol to achieve optimal bond strength and marginal integrity of adhesive composite resin restorations in erbium laser prepared cavities. This systematic review aimed to consider which adhesive system protocol may be optimal in achieving the bond strength and marginal integrity in erbium laser-prepared cavities, comparable to that obtained with conventional method of cavity preparation. This review was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement with literature search based on all publications during the period January1, 2000-October 10, 2020, in three databases: MEDLINE, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect.

A Spectrophotometric Study on Light Attenuation Properties of Dental Bleaching Gels: Potential Relevance to Irradiation Parameters.

Background: During in-office bleaching, appropriate light sources are applied in order to enhance the activity of the bleaching gels applied onto teeth. For this method to be effective, a high absorption of light within the gel is necessary. Variation in the light attenuation capability of the gel, the duration of application and light activation can contribute towards safety hazards associated with this procedure.

Laser Analgesia Associated with Restorative Dental Care: A Systematic Review of the Rationale, Techniques, and Energy Dose Considerations.

It is a common experience amongst laser dentists and patients that mid-IR wavelength application in cavity preparation may be achieved without causing any associated pain. The erbium family of lasers (Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm and Er:YAG 2940 nm) are frequently used without employing injectable local anesthesia as an adjunct: the phenomenon arising from the application of these devices is known as laser analgesia. This review seeks to apply a systematic approach to the examination of appropriate published studies but also to highlight the need for much more structured clinical investigations that consolidate photonic dose and methodology.

Photobiomodulation Dose Parameters in Dentistry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials examines a possible relationship between optical spot size at surface tissue, irradiance, radiant exposure, total energy delivered, operator technique and reported clinical outcomes.

Background: Clinical photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has achieved a high level of evidence-based acceptance in the mitigation of oral mucositis associated with cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and supportive clinical research in relation to orthodontic tooth movement, oral medical conditions, including burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia and lichen planus. Inconsistent outcomes have been reported not withstanding a substantial body of primary supportive research from clinical, in vitro and animal studies.

Systematic Review of Post-Surgical Laser-Assisted Oral Soft Tissue Outcomes Using Surgical Wavelengths Outside the 650-1350 nm Optical Window.

To explore via systematic review the validation of uneventful post-surgical healing, associated with shorter and longer laser wavelength applications in minor oral surgery procedures. From April 28 to May 11, 2020, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and Google Scholar search engines were applied to identify human clinical trials of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in clinical dentistry. The searches were carried out with reference to (1) dental laser wavelengths shorter than 650 nm; (2) wavelengths localized within the 2780-2940 nm; and (3) the 9300-10,600 nm range.

Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an effective alternative method for the adjunctive treatment of all classes of oral infections. The multifactorial nature of its mechanism of action correlates with various influencing factors, involving parameters concerning both the photosensitizer and the light delivery system. This study aims to critically evaluate the recorded parameters of aPDT applications that use lasers as the light source in randomized clinical trials in dentistry.

Do Lasers Have an Adjunctive Role in Initial Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy? A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: dental lasers have numerous applications for periodontal therapy which include surgical procedures of soft tissue and osseous structures, and non-surgical treatments such as pathogen reduction, removal of surface accretions, and photobiomodulation. The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature to ascertain whether lasers have a beneficial role when used adjunctively in initial non-surgical periodontal therapy. (2) Methods: A PubMed search was performed specifically for randomized clinical trials where a dental laser was used adjunctively for initial periodontal therapy on human patients published from January 2010-April 2020.

Potential Advantages of Peroxoborates and Their Ester Adducts Over Hydrogen Peroxide as Therapeutic Agents in Oral Healthcare Products: Chemical/Biochemical Reactivity Considerations , And .

Peroxides present in oral healthcare products generally exert favourable protective activities against the development and progression of tooth decay, plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis, etc. However, despite the high level of research focus on hydrogen and carbamide peroxides as therapeutically active (and tooth-whitening) agents, to date the use of alternative chemical forms of peroxides such as peroxoborates for these purposes has received only scant attention. Intriguingly, peroxoborate and its esters with polyols, such as glycerol, have a very diverse chemistry/biochemistry in aqueous solution, for which there is an increasing amount of evidence that it remains distinctive from that of hydrogen peroxide; such properties include self-associative and hydrolytic equilibria, and their abilities to participate in electrophile- or nucleophile-scavenging, metal ion-complexing, redox and free radical reactions, for example.

Photobiomodulation and Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating complication of chemotherapy, and head and neck radiotherapy. In an effort to offer the best possible advice within the limitations of published research, a systematic review with an extended discussion and commentary on dosimetry and dose delivery is presented. Using keywords as listed, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched during a period extending from 1995 to 2019.

Adjunctive Use of Lasers in Peri-Implant Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of lasers in the treatment of implant mucositis and peri-implantitis compared to conventional treatment (non-surgical or surgical: resective or regenerative).

Methods: Sources of PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar search engines were used on articles published from 1997 to 2020 in English, with selected keyword criteria applied. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected.

Systematic Review on the Role of Lasers in Endodontic Therapy: Valuable Adjunct Treatment?

(1) Background: Adjunctive instruments, such as lasers have been investigated to address the risk of failure of endodontic therapy due to the complexity of the root canal system. Lasers have been used therapeutically, in direct irradiation of the root canals or adjunct to irrigants placed into the canals, in combination with a photosensitizer (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) and in pain management (photobiomodulation). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence in clinical use within these three areas of therapy.

Current Concepts of Laser-Oral Tissue Interaction.

Fundamental to the adjunctive use of laser photonic energy for delivering therapy and tissue management, is the ability of the incident energy to be absorbed by target tissues. The aim of this review is to examine the differential performance of the separate components of oral hard and soft tissues when exposed to laser photonic irradiance of variable wavelengths and power values. Through an examination of peer-reviewed published data and materials, the interaction of laser photonic energy and target tissues are explored in detail.

Systematic Review of Orthodontic Treatment Management with Photobiomodulation Therapy.

This systematic review of published research evaluates the parameters and reported outcomes in photobiomodulation therapies (PBMTs) used in management of pain and accelerated tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Consequent to positive and animal studies, there has been considerable interest in the potential applications of PBMT to ameliorate pain and to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Due to the lack of consistency of wavelengths and parameters applied, there is as yet no consensus in respect of guidance for clinical use.

Systematic Review of Delivery Parameters Used in Dental Photobiomodulation Therapy.

This systematic review of published data critically appraises the consistency in the reported delivery parameters used in photobiomodulation (PBM) therapies research within clinical dentistry and makes reporting recommendations for future clinical protocols. Key to the standardization of randomized clinical trials and associated peer-reviewed articles is the disclosure of all laser and light-emitting diode operating parameters. The current status shows a lack of full parameters and significantly impacts on the ability to integrate published data with current and future investigation into clinical PBM therapy.