Foods, dietary patterns, and risk of vascular dementia: a systematic review.

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia globally and is associated with a significant economic and social burden. Diet could represent an important tractable risk factor for VaD. We synthesised current evidence on associations between consumption of specific foods or dietary patterns and VaD risk.

Disease-Specific Risk Models for Predicting Dementia: An Umbrella Review.

Dementia is a leading cause of disability and death globally. Individuals with diseases such as cardiovascular, cardiometabolic and cerebrovascular disease are often at increased dementia risk. However, while numerous models have been developed to predict dementia, they are often not tailored to disease-specific groups.

Dementia risk prediction modelling in low- and middle-income countries: current state of evidence.

Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability with over 60% of cases residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, new strategies to mitigate risk are urgently needed. However, despite the high burden of disease associated with dementia in LMICs, research into dementia risk profiling and risk prediction modelling is limited.

A modified Delphi survey to build expert consensus on the structure and content of an enhanced care pathway for cognitive changes after stroke in the UK.

Background: Enhancing long-term support for post-stroke cognitive impairment is a top research priority. Addressing current gaps in UK post-stroke cognitive care provision requires a pragmatic and scalable intervention that can be integrated within the existing stroke care pathway. This study aimed to develop consensus on an initial set of core features for a UK-based monitoring and psychoeducational intervention for cognitive changes after stroke.

Vaccine hesitancy educational interventions for medical students: A systematic narrative review in western countries.

Physician recommendations can reduce vaccine hesitancy (VH) and improve uptake yet are often done poorly and can be improved by early-career training. We examined educational interventions for medical students in Western countries to explore what is being taught, identify effective elements, and review the quality of evidence. A mixed methods systematic narrative review, guided by the JBI framework, assessed the study quality using MERSQI and Cote & Turgeon frameworks.

What's New in Dementia Risk Prediction Modelling? An Updated Systematic Review.

Introduction: Identifying individuals at high risk of dementia is critical to optimized clinical care, formulating effective preventative strategies, and determining eligibility for clinical trials. Since our previous systematic reviews in 2010 and 2015, there has been a surge in dementia risk prediction modelling. The aim of this study was to update our previous reviews to explore, and critically review, new developments in dementia risk modelling.

Cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and risk of dementia: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with an increased risk of dementia; yet the evidence is mixed. This review critically appraises and synthesises current evidence exploring associations between dementia risk and CVD and their risk factors, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and arterial stiffness.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the association between at least one of the CVDs of interest and dementia risk.

A qualitative study investigating the views of stroke survivors and their family members on discussing post-stroke cognitive trajectories.

Cognitive impairment is common early after stroke but trajectories over the long term are variable. Some stroke survivors make a full recovery, while others retain a stable impairment or decline. This study explored the perceived advantages and disadvantages of discussing potential cognitive trajectories with stroke survivors and their family members.

Artificial intelligence for dementia prevention.

Introduction: A wide range of modifiable risk factors for dementia have been identified. Considerable debate remains about these risk factors, possible interactions between them or with genetic risk, and causality, and how they can help in clinical trial recruitment and drug development. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) may refine understanding.

Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroimaging offer new opportunities for diagnosis and prognosis of dementia.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting AI for neuroimaging in diagnosis and/or prognosis of cognitive neurodegenerative diseases.

Results: A total of 255 studies were identified.

Systematic review of the relationship between burn-out and spiritual health in doctors.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between burn-out and spiritual health among medical doctors.

Design: Systematic literature review and narrative synthesis of cross-sectional studies.

Setting: Any setting, worldwide.

Artificial intelligence for dementia-Applied models and digital health.

Introduction: The use of applied modeling in dementia risk prediction, diagnosis, and prognostics will have substantial public health benefits, particularly as "deep phenotyping" cohorts with multi-omics health data become available.

Methods: This narrative review synthesizes understanding of applied models and digital health technologies, in terms of dementia risk prediction, diagnostic discrimination, prognosis, and progression. Machine learning approaches show evidence of improved predictive power compared to standard clinical risk scores in predicting dementia, and the potential to decompose large numbers of variables into relatively few critical predictors.

Cognitive assessment after stroke: A qualitative study of patients' experiences.

Objectives: Clinical guidelines recommend early cognitive assessment after stroke to inform rehabilitation and discharge decisions. However, little is known about stroke survivors' experiences of the cognitive assessment process. This qualitative study aimed to explore patients' experiences of poststroke cognitive assessments.

Health Disparities and Comparison of Psychiatric Medication Use before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown among General Practitioner Practices in the North East of England.

Background: Psychiatric medications play a vital role in the management of mental health disorders. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown limited access to primary care services, leading to an increase in remote assessment and treatment options to maintain social distancing. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the use of psychiatric medication in primary care settings.

Psychometric properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S) in the Taiwanese context.

Academic engagement in recent years has become the focus of determining student learning and achievement. However,despite this growing awareness that has revolutionized academic policies and educational approaches, literature on engagement in the academic context is still in its infancy. This study seeks to remedy this through the confirmation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students' (UWES-S) promising psychometric properties and by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between academic engagement, personality traits, and social media addiction, a determinant that has yet to be explored.

Risk factors for dementia in the context of cardiovascular disease: A protocol of an overview of reviews.

Background: Dementia is a major public health priority. Although there is abundant evidence of an association between dementia and poor cardiovascular health, findings have been inconsistent and uncertain in identifying which factors increase dementia risk in those with cardiovascular disease. Indeed, multiple variables including sociodemographic, economic, health, lifestyle and education may indicate who is at higher vs.

Tailoring lipid management interventions to reduce inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk management in primary care for deprived communities in Northern England: a mixed-methods intervention development protocol.

Introduction: Hyperlipidaemia contributes a significant proportion of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which is a condition that disproportionally affects disadvantaged socioeconomic communities, with death rates in the most deprived areas being four times higher than those in the least deprived. With the national CVD Prevention programme being delivered to minimise risk factors, no evidence is available on what has been implemented in primary care for deprived populations. This study describes the protocol for the development of a tailored intervention aiming to optimise lipid management in primary care settings to help reduce inequalities in CVD risks and improve outcomes in deprived communities.

Secular Trends in Dementia Free Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background: Although numerous studies have reported a decrease in dementia risk in the last two decades, it is unclear whether dementia-free cognitive function is also changing across generations.

Objective: The objective was to systematically evaluate the published data on generational differences in cognitive function in the older population.

Methods: Searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, and PsychInfo for articles published in English before 28 June 2021.