Doxorubicin activates nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes and Fas ligand transcription: role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and calcium.

Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used antitumour drug, causes dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Cardiac mitochondria represent a critical target organelle of toxicity during DOX chemotherapy. Proposed mechanisms include generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and disturbances in mitochondrial calcium homoeostasis.

Distinct mouse coronary anatomy and myocardial infarction consequent to ligation.

Unlabelled: This study describes the coronary anatomy of C57BL/6 mice and the functional impact of that anatomy on myocardial infarctions induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. In contrast to humans, a distinct septal coronary artery was observed in all mice arising either from a separate ostium from the right sinus of Valsalva or as a branch of the right coronary artery. Ligation of the left coronary artery at the site of its emergence from under the left atrium resulted in reproducible large myocardial infarctions involving the anterolateral, posterior, and apical regions of the heart as evidenced by histology and echocardiography.