Tretinoin: A Review of Its Anti-inflammatory Properties in the Treatment of Acne.

Tretinoin has been primarily used for the early stages of acne because of its proven comedolytic end benefits. This article reviews and updates the collective body of evidence of tretinoin in the treatment of acne, which suggests that this drug also possesses a broad range of acne-related immunomodulating properties that are capable of disrupting and hindering the various stages of the inflammatory cascade and the production of proinflammatory factors associated with it.

Clindamycin 1.2% Tretinoin 0.025% Gel versus Clindamycin Gel Treatment in Acne Patients: A Focus on Fitzpatrick Skin Types.

Background: Acne vulgaris affects individuals of all races and ethnicities. Understanding the safety and efficacy of topical agents benefits the practicing clinician when treating patients with skin of color.

Purpose: To report observations in acne patients representing all six Fitzpatrick skin types based on a Phase 3 study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of a clindamycin phosphate 1.

In vivo determination of the skin atrophy potential of the super-high-potency topical corticosteroid fluocinonide 0.1% cream compared with clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream and foam, and a vehicle.

Purpose: Prolonged topical corticosteroid use is often associated with atrophic skin changes. This trial compared signs of skin atrophy related to 3 super-high-potency corticosteroids: fluocinonide 0.1% cream, clobetasol propionate 0.

Topical corticosteroids, structure-activity and the glucocorticoid receptor: discovery and development--a process of "planned serendipity".

This is a personal recounting of the way in which the original steroid chemists and biologists worked closely together, often by trial and error, to use cortisol as the template to develop increasingly improved systemic glucocorticoids. In doing this, they learned how certain chemical functional groups affected efficacy and safety negatively and positively. When the more promising systemic glucocorticoids were subsequently applied topically, the skin barrier impaired their activity.

Ciclopirox delivery into the human nail plate.

The human nail penetration of the antifungal ciclopirox was determined for marketed gel containing 0.77% of ciclopirox, an experimental gel containing 2% of ciclopirox, and a marketed lacquer containing 8% of ciclopirox. After 14 days dosing, unabsorbed drug remaining on the surface, drug within the infection-prone area, and the amount that had penetrated through the nail were determined.