Impact of anthropometry training and feasibility of 3D imaging on anthropometry data quality among children under five years in a postmortem setting.

Background: The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS) identifies causes of under-5 mortality in high mortality countries.

Objective: To address challenges in postmortem nutritional assessment, we evaluated the impact of anthropometry training and the feasibility of 3D imaging on data quality within the CHAMPS Kenya site.

Design: Staff were trained using World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended manual anthropometry equipment and novel 3D imaging methods to collect postmortem measurements.

Accuracy and reliability of a low-cost, handheld 3D imaging system for child anthropometry.

The usefulness of anthropometry to define childhood malnutrition is undermined by poor measurement quality, which led to calls for new measurement approaches. We evaluated the ability of a 3D imaging system to correctly measure child stature (length or height), head circumference and arm circumference. In 2016-7 we recruited and measured children at 20 facilities in and around metro Atlanta, Georgia, USA; including at daycare, higher education, religious, and medical facilities.

A framework for the in vivo pathomechanics of osteoarthritis at the knee.

The in vivo pathomechanics of osteoarthritis (OA) at the knee is described in a framework that is based on an analysis of studies describing assays of biomarkers, cartilage morphology, and human function (gait analysis). The framework is divided into an Initiation Phase and a Progression Phase. The Initiation Phase is associated with kinematic changes that shift load bearing to infrequently loaded regions of the cartilage that cannot accommodate the loads.

Mechanical loads at the knee joint during deep flexion.

There is a lack of fundamental information on the knee biomechanics in deep flexion beyond 90 degrees. In this study, mechanical loads during activities requiring deep flexion were quantified on normal knees from 19 subjects, and compared with those in walking and stair climbing. The deep flexion activities generate larger net quadriceps moments (6.