Using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) to Identify the Healthcare Needs among Women of Reproductive Age Who Migrated from Venezuela to Brazil, 2018-2021.

In 2021, an RDS survey was conducted among Venezuelan migrant women of reproductive age who migrated to two Brazilian cities (Manaus and Boa Vista) from 2018 to 2021. To start the RDS recruitment, we chose seeds non-randomly in both cities. The study variables were age, educational level, self-rated health, pregnancy, migratory status and use of health services.

Effect of maternal Tdap on infant antibody response to a primary vaccination series with whole cell pertussis vaccine in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Maternal Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination provides antibody transfer to newborn infants and may affect their antibody response to the primary vaccination series. This study aimed to assess the effect of Tdap vaccination during pregnancy on infant antibody response to the whole cell pertussis (DTwP) primary series.

Methods: Plasma from 318 pregnant women (243 Tdap-vaccinated and 75 unvaccinated) and their infants (cord blood) was collected at delivery; infant blood was again collected at 2 and 7 months, before and after their primary DTwP series.

Adverse event occurrence following use of tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis adsorbed vaccine - Tdap -, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 2015-2016.

Objective to describe occurrence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. Methods this was a descriptive study using data from reports by participants in an effectiveness and immunogenicity study conducted in two hospitals in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, from 2015 to 2016. Results of the 201 mothers included in the study, 48 (23.

Association between the timing of maternal vaccination and newborns' anti-pertussis toxin antibody levels.

Background: Pertussis remains an important global public health concern, despite the presence of extensive immunization programs. Incidence and severity of pertussis are typically higher in neonates and young infants. As a strategy to protect these young infants, maternal vaccination with Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) has been recommended in Brazil.

The effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in protecting newborn infants in Brazil: A case-control study.

Introduction: In 2014, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) recommended Tdap to pregnant women in response to a significant increase in the incidence of pertussis among infants. The present study assessed the effectiveness of maternal immunization in preventing pertussis in infants.

Methods: An unmatched case-control study was undertaken in São Paulo State, Brazil from February 2015 to July 2016.

Pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxes and the combination HIV prevention methods (The Combine! Study): protocol for a pragmatic clinical trial at public healthcare clinics in Brazil.

Introduction: Few results from programmes based on combination prevention methods are available. We propose to analyse the degree of protection provided by postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for consensual sexual activity at healthcare clinics, its compensatory effects on sexual behaviour; and the effectiveness of combination prevention methods and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), compared with exclusively using traditional methods.

Methods And Analysis: A total of 3200 individuals aged 16 years or older presenting for PEP at 5 sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV clinics in 3 regions of Brazil will be allocated to one of two groups: the PEP group-individuals who come to the clinic within 72 h after a sexual exposure and start PEP; and the non-PEP group-individuals who come after 72 h but within 30 days of exposure and do not start PEP.

Spatial distribution of the human development index, HIV infection and AIDS-Tuberculosis comorbidity: Brazil, 1982-2007.

Introduction: AIDS epidemic has given visibility to the incidence of tuberculosis, for being the most frequent opportunistic infection. It is known that individuals who are socially vulnerable are more susceptible to HIV transmission and tuberculosis as well.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a geoepidemiological study on HIV/AIDS, AIDS-Tuberculosis co-infection and social vulnerability.

[AIDS along Brazil's borders, 1990-2003].

Objective: To study the AIDS epidemic in Brazil's border areas, from the spatial and temporal perspective.

Methods: This was an ecological study in which the cases of AIDS reported to the Ministry of Health of Brazil from 1990-2003 were grouped according to "hunger areas" as defined by Josué de Castro in the 1940s and according to 19 cultural subregions. Spatial assessment was based on incidence rates for border municipalities; temporal assessment considered the absolute number of cases occurring quarterly from 1990-2003 in each of the hunger areas studied (Extreme South, Midwest, and Amazon).

[Cofactors of antiretroviral treatment interruption in cases of adults with AIDS: Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 1999-2002].

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine factors associated to the interruption of antiretroviral treatment in adults with AIDS in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Methods: This was a population-based study, using data from the State's sources of vital statistics. Interruption was calculated using data on the number of programmed visits to the pharmacies, taking into account the date of the first prescription.

[Spatial distribution of M. tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in São Paulo State, Brazil, 1991-2001].

Objective: To assess the spatial pattern of tuberculosis incidence in relation to the AIDS epidemic, with the aim of investigating the geographical influence on causality.

Methods: All AIDS cases from State of São Paulo, notified to the Brazilian Ministry of Health between 1991 and 2001, were included. The cases were stratified by municipality, by administrative health regions, AIDS transmission categories, gender and years since diagnosis.

Temporal trends of HIV-related risk behavior among Brazilian military conscripts, 1997-2002.

Purpose: To present selected results of military conscript surveys related to HIV/AIDS, conducted in Brazil, 1997-2002.

Methods: Questionnaires including information on socio-demographic data, sexual behavior practices, sexually transmitted infections-related problems, and use of injecting drugs were completed by 30970 individuals, obtained through a 2-stage sampling. An index of sexual risk behavior was developed to take into account multiplicity of partners and irregularity of condom use.

[Ethics and medical research: principles, guidelines, and regulations].

The issue of ethics in medical research grew in importance at the end of World War II, after the Nuremberg Code. In this period, some cases in the United States had demonstrated the need for the establishment of rules and procedures in medical research. In this article, the authors discuss some ethical concepts and their philosophical basis, stressing aspects related to research.

[The AIDS epidemic in Brazil, 1991-2000: space-time description].

The incidence of AIDS was described by an ecological study of Brazilian municipalities, considering cases reported from 1991 to 2000. An increasing incidence was observed in women and among individuals with a low educational level. São Paulo State had different epidemiological profiles when the State Capital was compared to other cities, with an overall 46% of reported cases in the Country; Pernambuco State had almost the same profile since the beginning of the epidemic in Brazil; In Santa Catarina State the category of intravenous drug users had the greatest exposure.

[Male circumcision and HIV infection: an international debate with no Brazilian participation].

The authors discuss male circumcision as a protective factor against HIV transmission. The absence is noted of Brazilian data published in the international literature regarding this issue. Finally, it is emphasized that self-declared circumcision status is subject to substantial misclassification with the generation of biased risk estimates.