Genotype-phenotype correlations in chronic granulomatous disease: insights from a large national cohort.

Neutrophils are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Neutrophils execute and modulate immune responses by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immune deficiency disorder of phagocytes, caused by inherited mutations in the genes of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase enzyme.

Case report: Multidrug-resistant isolated from an infected surgical wound of a 9-year-old spayed female Great Dane dog.

() is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive novel bacterium first identified in 2006. It is a catalase-negative, non-motile coccus arranged in short chains. Furthermore, it has a broad beta-hemolytic reaction on sheep blood agar and cross-reacts with Lancefield group B antigen agglutination reagent.

Corrigendum: Pharmacokinetic assessment of staphylococcal phage K following parenteral and intra-articular administration in rabbits.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia.

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-ω (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia.

Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Staphylococcal Phage K Following Parenteral and Intra-articular Administration in Rabbits.

The therapeutic value of phage as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections is being considered in the wake of mounting antibiotic resistance. In this study, the pharmacokinetic properties of phage K following intravenous and intra-articular administration were investigated in a rabbit model. Using a traditional plaque assay and a novel quantitative PCR assay to measure phage levels in specimens over time, it was found that intra-articularly administered phage enters the systemic circulation; that phage may be detected in synovial fluid up to 24 h following the intra-articular, but not intravenous, administration; and that qPCR-based enumeration is generally more sensitive than plaque enumeration, with fair to moderate correlation between the two methods.

Osteosarcoma diagnosed in a dog using a formalin-fixed fine-needle aspirate biopsy.

Background: Fine-needle aspirate (FNA) biopsy is considered a quick technique to access and identify the cell types present in a pathologic lesion or make a diagnosis. Often, clinicians want to know if they are dealing with an inflammatory lesion with or without infectious agents or a neoplastic lesion. At times, neoplastic lesions may be confounded by the presence of inflammatory cells.

For Faster Science: Accelerated Genetic Engineering.

While acknowledging that there are many risks associated with genetic engineering, this article asserts that delaying the research and development of genetic engineering has high human costs. Genetic engineering could prevent millions of premature deaths, eliminate the suffering associated with many diseases and conditions, and save millions of family members from the anguish of watching their loved ones suffer and die from genetic conditions. Societal deliberations on the topic of genetic engineering have existed for decades, and a majority of people now support genetic interventions.

An uncommon occurrence of bicavitary effusion due to mast cell neoplasia in a 12-year-old mixed breed dog.

A case of bicavitary effusion affecting a 12-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog that was presented to Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine's Emergency Service for abdominal distension and vomiting. Upon physical exam, the patient exhibited signs of pain and sensitivity to touch and pain on abdominal palpation with a positive fluid wave. The patient also had dull mentation and increased respiratory effort with an abdominal component.

T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in an American Pit Bull Terrier.

A 3-y-old, intact female, American Pit Bull Terrier was presented because of acute onset of anorexia and a large subcutaneous submandibular mass that had been present for 3 wk. The submandibular mass, 2 engorged black-legged ticks on the dorsum of the neck, pyrexia, and icterus were seen on physical examination. Abnormal laboratory test results included a positive antibody test, severe thrombocytopenia, mild nonregenerative anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated liver enzyme activities.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Syrian hamster model causes inflammation as well as type I interferon dysregulation in both respiratory and non-respiratory tissues including the heart and kidney.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection is a disease affecting several organ systems. A model that captures all clinical symptoms of COVID-19 as well as long-haulers disease is needed. We investigated the host responses associated with infection in several major organ systems including the respiratory tract, the heart, and the kidneys after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters.

Commentary on "Pandemics and Beyond: Considerations When Personal Risk and Professional Obligations Converge".

The excellent article by Daniel J. Benedetti, Mithya Lewis-Newby, Joan S. Roberts, and Douglas S.

Minor Clinical Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency in Israel.

In the last few months the world has witnessed a global pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obviously, this pandemic affected individuals differently, with a significant impact on populations considered to be at high-risk. One such population, was assumed to be patients with primary genetic defect involving components or pathways of the immune system.

The cytologic and histologic diagnosis of ureteral fibroepithelial polyp in a dog.

A 6-year-old, intact male, brindled, 30-Lb English Bulldog presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a recurrent history of hematuria, periuria, and lethargy that responded temporarily to antibiotic therapy. The work-up included a complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, complete urinalysis, diagnostic imaging (abdominal radiographs and ultrasound with contrast urography), and exploratory laparotomy. The diagnostic imaging findings and subsequent exploratory revealed a unilateral, intraluminal, right-sided, 3-cm ureteral mass extending from the proximal ureter into the renal pelvis.

Adherence to Immunization: Rebuttal of Vaccine Hesitancy.

Immunizations have been saving the lives of millions of people since they were first used by Edward Jenner in 1796, and new vaccines are being developed all the time. Hopefully, a new vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will be developed in the near future, and perhaps even one for human immunodeficiency virus. Although the effectiveness of vaccinations has been proven over the years and adverse effects to currently available vaccinations are extremely rare, many people continue to defer immunizations for themselves and their families.

Micro and Macro Ethical Considerations of COVID-19.

Micro decisions, made by individuals, during a health crisis in which healthcare resources are particularly in short supply, should not be based only on the age of the patients. Ameliorate  care is only appreciated  when the patient has a limited time to live, whatever their age. Macro decisions concern public policy.

Correction to: Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes in reference numbers. The in-text citations and the references were mismatched. The original article has been corrected.

Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update of the IUIS Phenotypical Classification.

Since 2013, the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) expert committee (EC) on Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) has published an updated phenotypic classification of IEI, which accompanies and complements their genotypic classification into ten tables. This phenotypic classification is user-friendly and serves as a resource for clinicians at the bedside. There are now 430 single-gene IEI underlying phenotypes as diverse as infection, malignancy, allergy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.

Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee.

We report the updated classification of Inborn Errors of Immunity/Primary Immunodeficiencies, compiled by the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the key clinical and laboratory features of 430 inborn errors of immunity, including 64 gene defects that have either been discovered in the past 2 years since the previous update (published January 2018) or were characterized earlier but have since been confirmed or expanded upon in subsequent studies. The application of next-generation sequencing continues to expedite the rapid identification of novel gene defects, rare or common; broaden the immunological and clinical phenotypes of conditions arising from known gene defects and even known variants; and implement gene-specific therapies.

Leucocyte adhesion deficiency-A multicentre national experience.

Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare, innate autosomal recessive immunodeficiency with three subtypes. Twenty-nine patients with LADs were diagnosed and treated in Israeli Medical Centers and in the Palestinian Authority. We discuss the phenotypic, genotypic and biochemical features of LAD-I, LAD-II and LAD-III diagnosed during the neonatal period and early infancy in 18, 6 and 5 patients, respectively.

ZNF341 controls STAT3 expression and thereby immunocompetence.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a central regulator of immune homeostasis. STAT3 levels are strictly controlled, and STAT3 impairment contributes to several diseases including the monogenic autosomal-dominant hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome (AD-HIES). We investigated patients of four consanguineous families with an autosomal-recessive disorder resembling the phenotype of AD-HIES, with symptoms of immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, skeletal abnormalities, and elevated IgE.