The association of body composition phenotypes before chemotherapy with epithelial ovarian cancer mortality.

Background: The association of body composition with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) mortality is poorly understood. To date, evidence suggests that high adiposity is associated with decreased mortality (an obesity paradox), but the impact of muscle on this association has not been investigated. Herein, we define associations of muscle and adiposity joint-exposure body composition phenotypes with EOC mortality.

Corrigendum: Comparing Tobacco and Alcohol Policies From a Health Systems Perspective: The Cases of the Philippines and Singapore.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.

The Bern Birth Cohort (BeBiCo) to study the development of the infant intestinal microbiota in a high-resource setting in Switzerland: rationale, design, and methods.

Background: Microbiota composition is fundamental to human health with the intestinal microbiota undergoing critical changes within the first two years of life. The developing intestinal microbiota is shaped by maternal seeding, breast milk and its complex constituents, other nutrients, and the environment. Understanding microbiota-dependent pathologies requires a profound understanding of the early development of the healthy infant microbiota.

An 8-year longitudinal study of long-term, continuous users of electronic cigarettes.

Background And Aims: E-cigarettes have been available for over 15 years, but relatively little is known about long-term users. Our aim was to describe change over time in behaviours, attitudes and dependence in long-term users.

Design And Participants: A longitudinal study of 375 e-cigarette users enrolled on the Internet in 2012-2016 and surveyed again in 2021 (8 years later on average), who continuously used e-cigarettes in the interval.

Measurement invariance of the Marijuana Motives Measure among men and women using Stop Cannabis App.

Background: Motives to use cannabis play a central role in the development and maintenance of problematic cannabis use and previous studies stressed sex-related differences on motives to use cannabis. However, motives cannot be validly compared in men and women without first establishing the measurement invariance across sex. Therefore, the aim of the study is to (1) examine for the first time the measurement and structural invariance of the Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM) across sex, and (2) to investigate the motives for cannabis use that best explain problematic use.

Exploring key-stakeholder perceptions on non-communicable disease care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya.

Introduction: over one third of total Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years lost in Kenya are due to non-communicable diseases (NCD). In response, the Government declared significant commitment towards improving NCD care. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the burden on the already overstretched health systems in Kenya.

Health Outcomes by Neighborhood (HON): Effects of Neighborhood, Social Instability, and Health Factors on 12-Month Trajectories of Substance-Use Disorder Symptoms.

Background: Previous studies have shown that environment and health can influence drug use trajectories and the effects of substance use disorder (SUD) treatments. We hypothesized that trajectories of drug use-related problems, based on changes in DSM-5 symptoms, would vary by type(s) of drugs used, health factors, and neighborhood characteristics.

Methods: We assessed mental and physical health, stress, social instability, neighborhood characteristics (disorderliness and home value), and DSM-5 symptom counts at two study visits, 12 months apart, in a community sample (baseline  = 735) in Baltimore, MD.

Predicting smoking cessation, reduction and relapse six months after using the Stop-Tabac app for smartphones: a machine learning analysis.

Background: An analysis of predictors of smoking behaviour among users of smoking cessation apps can provide useful information beyond what is already known about predictors in other contexts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the best predictors of smoking cessation, smoking reduction and relapse six months after starting to use the smartphone app Stop-Tabac.

Method: Secondary analysis of 5293 daily smokers from Switzerland and France who participated in a randomised trial testing the effectiveness of this app in 2020, with follow-up at one and six months.

Predicting the Users' Level of Engagement with a Smartphone Application for Smoking Cessation: Randomized Trial and Machine Learning Analysis.

Introduction: Studies of the users' engagement with smoking cessation application (apps) can help understand how these apps are used by smokers, in order to improve their reach and efficacy.

Objective: The present study aimed at identifying the best predictors of the users' level of engagement with a smartphone app for smoking cessation and at examining the relationships between predictors and outcomes related to the users' level of engagement with the app.

Methods: A secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial testing the efficacy of the Stop-Tabac smartphone app was used.

A critique of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council CEO statement on electronic cigarettes.

This paper critically analyses a statement by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) on e-cigarettes in May 2022 that will be used to guide national policy. We reviewed the evidence and the conclusions drawn in the NHMRC Statement. In our view, the Statement is not a balanced reflection of the benefits and risks of vaping because it exaggerates the risks of vaping and fails to compare them to the far greater risks of smoking; it uncritically accepts evidence of harms from e-cigarettes while adopting a highly sceptical attitude towards evidence of their benefits; it incorrectly claims that the association between adolescent vaping and subsequent smoking is causal; and it understates the evidence of the benefits of e-cigarettes in assisting smokers to quit.

Effects of large financial incentives on motivation to quit smoking and on cigarette dependence.

Background: Financial incentives enhance long-term smoking cessation rates, but their effects on motivation to quit in those who fail to quit are not well documented.

Aim: To test the effects of large financial incentives on motivation to quit smoking and on cigarette dependence in smokers who failed to quit despite receiving incentives.

Participants: Low-income smokers in the general population in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2011-2013.

Comparing Tobacco and Alcohol Policies From a Health Systems Perspective: The Cases of the Philippines and Singapore.

To provide a comparative analysis of current tobacco and alcohol control laws and policies in the Philippines and Singapore We used a public health law framework that incorporates a systems approach using a scorecard to assess the progress of the Philippines and Singapore in tobacco and alcohol control according to SDG indicators, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce Harmful Use of Alcohol. We collected data from the scientific literature and government documents. Despite health system differences, both the Philippines (73.

Addressing racial and phenotypic bias in human neuroscience methods.

Despite their premise of objectivity, neuroscience tools for physiological data collection, such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, introduce racial bias into studies by excluding individuals on the basis of phenotypic differences in hair type and skin pigmentation. Furthermore, at least one methodology-electrodermal activity recording (skin conductance responses)-may be influenced not only by potential phenotypic differences but also by negative psychological effects stemming from the lived experience of racism. Here we situate these issues within structural injustice, urge researchers to challenge racism in their scientific work and propose procedures and changes that may lead to more equitable science.

MCM3 is a novel proliferation marker associated with longer survival for patients with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma.

Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) are highly proliferative neoplasms that generally respond well to platinum/taxane chemotherapy. We recently identified minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3), which is involved in the initiation of DNA replication and proliferation, as a favorable prognostic marker in HGSC. Our objective was to further validate whether MCM3 mRNA expression and possibly MCM3 protein levels are associated with survival in patients with HGSC.

The Stop-tabac smartphone application for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To test whether the Stop-tabac smartphone application (app) increased smoking cessation rates.

Design: A two-arm, parallel-group, individually randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Setting And Participants: A total of 5293 daily smokers (Stop-tabac = 2639, control = 2654) enrolled on app stores and on the internet in 2019-20, who lived in France or Switzerland.

Counseling in Vape Shops: A Survey of Vape Shop Managers in Switzerland.

Vaporizers (e-cigarettes) are the most common smoking cessation aids in Switzerland, but we do not know what information customers receive in vape shops. We surveyed vape-shop managers to find out what recommendations they make to their customers. An interdisciplinary group developed the questionnaire.

A survey of users of the IQOS tobacco vaporizer: perceived dependence and perceived effects on cigarette withdrawal symptoms.

Background: Tobacco vaporizers are devices that heat tobacco without burning it. There is currently a scarcity of studies about the addictiveness of tobacco vaporizers or their effects on cigarette withdrawal symptoms.

Goals: To assess the perceived dependence of users of tobacco vaporizers and the perceived effects of these products on cigarette withdrawal symptoms.

Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan.

There are various approaches to e-cigarette regulation globally. In Taiwan, the term "e-cigarette" is not found in existing regulations, but health authorities apply explanatory notes derived from standing laws to e-cigarette. Taiwan health authority is in the process of regulative reform to include "e-cigarette" in standing tobacco law.

The respiratory disease burden of non-traumatic fractures for adults with cerebral palsy.

Background: Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) are vulnerable to non-trauma fracture (NTFx) and premature mortality due to respiratory disease (RD); however, very little is known about the contribution of NTFx to RD risk among adults with CP. The purpose of this study was to determine if NTFx is a risk factor for incident RD and if NTFx exacerbates RD risk in the adult CP population.

Methods: Data from 2011 to 2016 Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart and a random 20% sample Medicare fee-for-service were used for this retrospective cohort study.

Circulating CD14 HLA-DR monocytic cells as a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer progression.

Problem: Previous studies identified circulating CD14 HLA-DR monocytic cells as an immune suppressive subset in solid malignancies, such as prostate, renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Such monocytic cells have been implicated not only in tumour progression but also as a potential barrier for immunotherapy. This study examined the relationship between the frequency of circulating monocytic cells and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression pre- and post-frontline chemotherapy, defined by disease stage, which is a leading prognostic factor for this malignancy.

Physical Inactivity and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality.

Objective: To determine the association between pre-diagnostic recreational physical inactivity (RPI) and pancreatic cancer (PC) mortality.

Methods: This analysis included 107 patients seen at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center diagnosed with PC between 1989 and 1998. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PC mortality associated with self-reported pre-diagnostic RPI.