A prospective comparison of implant quality between suture-coated seeds and uncoated seeds in prostate cancer brachytherapy.

Purpose: Displacement minimization of seeds is crucial during surgery in brachytherapy; however, only a few reports have compared the operability of different seeds. TheraStrand-SL is a seed, in which TheraAGX100 is wrapped in polyglactin 910 thread, and intra-prostatic displacement is expected to be reduced compared with that of Thera-AGX100, owing to the complex shape of TheraStrand-SL. We conducted a prospective study on the operability and treatment outcomes of TheraAGX100 and TheraStrand-SL placement by a single operator.

[Case of Long-Term Survival after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Unresectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma].

67-year-old woman underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy( dCRT) with cisplatin( CDDP) and 5-fluorouraci(l 5-FU)(FP) for locally advanced unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. During treatment, the patient developed grade 3 pharyngitis and esophagitis as adverse events. She was administered maintenance chemotherapy with 2 courses of FP and achieved complete response.

Effectiveness and feasibility of selective intra-arterial low dose of cisplatin infusion and concomitant radiotherapy for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer with impaired renal function: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chemoradiation therapy with high-dose cisplatin is the standard regimen against advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCC-L). However, patients with renal dysfunction are ineligible for this regimen. We investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of selective intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin infusion and radiotherapy (modified [m]-RADPLAT) for patients with impaired renal function.

Optimizing Therapeutic Approaches in Superficial Esophageal Cancer: Reduced-volume Radiotherapy and Dose-dense Chemotherapy After Endoscopic Resection.

Background/aim: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become a promising treatment modality in the management of early-stage superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). However, radiotherapy often leads to significant adverse events (AEs), including cardiopulmonary toxicity, limiting the delivery of this treatment modality. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reduced-volume radiotherapy and dose-dense chemotherapy in mitigating AEs for high-risk SESCC following ESD.

Effective timing of hyaluronate gel injection in image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer: a proposal of the 'adjusted dose score'.

Hyaluronate gel injection (HGI) in the rectovaginal septum and vesicovaginal septum is effective in the setting of high-dose-rate image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) for cervical cancer. We aimed to retrospectively investigate optimal conditions for HGI to achieve optimal dose distribution with a minimum number of HGI. We classified 50 IGABT plans of 13 patients with cervical cancer who received IGABT both with and without HGI in the rectovaginal septum and vesicovaginal septum into the following two groups: plan with (number of plans = 32) and plan without (number of plans = 18) HGI.

Prostate brachytherapy seed migration to the right renal artery due to right-to-left shunting across a patent foramen ovale.

Introduction: The seeds used in brachytherapy for prostate cancer may migrate through the surrounding venous plexus to other sites in the body, most commonly to the pulmonary vasculature.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old Japanese man received iodine-125 low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. Computed tomography revealed that one seed had migrated to the right kidney.

Seed lost to perineum from hydrogel spacer after brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Introduction: We describe a rare case of brachytherapy for prostate cancer in which a seed was lost from the perineum after a hydrogel injection.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with localized high-risk prostate cancer. Trimodality therapy with I-125 brachytherapy was selected, and combined androgen blockade therapy was initiated.

Dynamics in the expression of programmed death ligand 1 and cluster of differentiation 163 in the tumor microenvironment of uterine cervical cancer: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) destroys cancer cells and activates the immune system while suppressing the immunity of tumor-associated tissues, including the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, to date, no anti-tumor therapeutic strategy that uses these immune mechanisms has been established. This study investigated changes in the immunity of the TME during standard radical RT for cervical cancer combined with external beam RT and brachytherapy and determined whether these changes affect prognosis.

Characteristics of female breast cancer in japan: annual report of the National Clinical Database in 2018.

Information regarding patients who were treated for breast cancer in 2018 was extracted from the National Clinical Database (NCD), which is run by Japanese physicians. This database continues from 1975, created by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society (JBCS). A total of 95,620 breast cancer cases were registered.

Sarcopenia and excess visceral fat accumulation negatively affect early urinary function after I-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of sarcopenia and excess visceral fat accumulation on early urinary function after I-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Pre-treatment computed tomography was used to measure skeletal muscle index at the L3 level to assess sarcopenia and visceral fat area at the umbilical level.

A phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (the JROSG 10-2 trial).

This study assessed the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC). Patients with T1-4N0-3M0 SCCAC received chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 800 mg/m2/day, 96-h infusion) and mitomycin-C (MMC, 10 mg/m2 bolus). Patients treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were administered 36.

Prognosis and effectiveness of chemotherapy for medullary breast carcinoma.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the prognosis and potential benefit of postoperative chemotherapy according to subtype of medullary breast carcinoma (MedBC), a very rare invasive breast cancer.

Methods: A cohort of 1518 female patients with unilateral MedBC and 284,544 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases were enrolled from the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry. Prognosis of MedBC was compared to IDC among patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and HER2-negative subtype (553 exact-matched patients) and ER-positive and HER2-negative subtype (163 MedBC and 489 IDC patients via Cox regression).

Technical report: a high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy boost for residual sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a highly aggressive and uncommon neoplasm that arises from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. The multidisciplinary approach that includes surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy has been proven to improve survival rates. However, there is no established evidence for the efficacy of further (boost) irradiation following definitive RT in SNUC patients with residual primary tumor.

Tri-modality therapy with i-125 brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and short-term hormone therapy for high-risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Introduction: We present tri-modality therapy with i-125 brachytherapy for high-risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old man had visited our hospital with complaints of dysuria. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate was performed for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Salvage image-guided freehand interstitial brachytherapy for pelvic sidewall recurrence after hysterectomy for uterine malignancies.

Purpose: Pelvic sidewall recurrence after hysterectomy for uterine malignances has a poor prognosis, and the salvage therapy for this type of recurrence is still challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of freehand high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) through the perineum using transrectal ultrasonography for this disease.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively evaluated 42 patients with pelvic sidewall recurrence after hysterectomy for uterine cervical and endometrial cancers.

Clinicopathological features of male patients with breast cancer based on a nationwide registry database in Japan.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare; however, its incidence is increasing. There have been no large-scale reports on the clinicopathological characteristics of MBC in Japan.

Methods: We investigated patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the Japanese National Clinical Database (NCD) between January 2012 and December 2018.

Clinical outcomes of iodine-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: a single-institution review in Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the oncological outcomes and genitourinary and gastrointestinal adverse events in acute and late-phases of iodine-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 334 patients treated for localized prostate cancer with low-dose-rate brachytherapy. Bio-chemical relapse-free survival, cause-specific survival, and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.

Surgical treatment trends and identification of primary breast tumors after surgery in occult breast cancer: a study based on the Japanese National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry.

Background: Occult breast cancer (OBC) is classified as carcinoma of an unknown primary site, and the adequate therapy for OBC remains controversial. This retrospective study aimed to reveal the transition in breast cancer therapy and the frequency of primary breast tumors after resection in clinical OBC (cT0N+) patients using the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry database.

Methods: We enrolled OBC patients with cT0N+ from the registry between 2010 and 2018.

Radiation-Induced Olfactory Neuroblastoma Following Treatment for NK/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type.

Radiation-induced olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is an uncommon neoplasm that is generally associated with a poor prognosis. We experienced an unusual case of ONB in a patient who had received previous radiation therapy for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma 15 years previously. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with radiation-induced ONB obtaining a complete response (CR) with radical re-irradiation alone.

Usefulness of a novel transarterial chemoinfusion plus external-beam radiation therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava and right atrium: Case study.

Background: Invasion beyond inferior vena cava (IVC) to right atrium (RA) is a rare complication in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and results in fatal oncologic emergencies, including pulmonary embolism and right heart failure.

Aim: As there is no gold standard treatment for unresectable HCC with tumor thrombi involving IVC and RA, we considered it valuable to assess safety and efficacy of a combination of hepatic arterial infusion chemoembolization (HAIC) therapy and external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods And Results: The "New FP" was chosen as the HAIC therapy, in which the enhanced permeation and retention effect was achieved using a cisplatin-Lipiodol suspension combined with continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).