Screen and nonscreen sedentary behavior and sleep in adolescents.

Objective: This study examined the associations between screen (computer, videogame, TV) and nonscreen (talking on the phone, doing homework, reading) sedentary time, and sleep in adolescents.

Participants: Data were drawn from AdoQuest, a prospective investigation of 1843 grade 5 students aged 10-12 years at inception in the greater Montreal (Canada) area.

Methods: Data for this cross-sectional analysis on screen and nonscreen sedentary time, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness were collected in 2008-2009 from 1233 participants (67% of 1843) aged 14-16 years.

Fitness, adiposopathy, and adiposity are independent predictors of insulin sensitivity in middle-aged men without diabetes.

Adiposopathy, or sick fat, refers to adipose tissue dysfunction that can lead to several complications such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. The relative contribution of adiposopathy in predicting insulin resistance remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between adiposopathy, as assessed as a low plasma adiponectin/leptin ratio, with anthropometry, body composition (hydrostatic weighing), insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), inflammation, and fitness level (ergocycle VO2max, mL/kgFFM/min) in 53 men (aged 34-53 years) from four groups: sedentary controls without obesity (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m(2)), sedentary with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)), sedentary with obesity and glucose intolerance, and endurance trained active without obesity.

Functional food and satiety. Impact of a satiating context effect on appetite control of non-obese men.

The aim of this study was to verify if the addition of satiating nutrients and a satiating context effect could influence appetite sensations, spontaneous energy intake and food appreciation under conditions of standardized energy density of a meal. Eighteen non-obese men were submitted to a control, a satiating, and a context effect condition composed of a standardized breakfast and an ad libitum test lunch (macaroni entrée plus chocolate cake). The satiating macaroni contained more proteins, unsaturated fats, fibres and calcium than the control macaroni despite similar energy density, appearance and palatability.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and components of the metabolic syndrome in sedentary men.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between fitness and components of the metabolic syndrome in sedentary men.

Subjects And Methods: 39 subjects (34-53 years) were evaluated for fitness (VO(2max)) and anthropometric, metabolic, and skeletal muscle phenotypes. VO(2max) was assessed on a bicycle ergometer whereas other variables were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hydrostatic weighing, and a muscle biopsy.

Predictors of cardiovascular fitness in sedentary men.

The relative contribution of anthropometric and skeletal muscle characteristics to cardiorespiratory fitness was studied in sedentary men. Cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) was assessed using an incremental bicycle ergometer protocol in 37 men aged 34-53 years. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were used to assess fiber type composition (I, IIA, IIX) and areas, capillary density, and activities of glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolic pathway enzymes.

Mid-thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue and glucose tolerance in the Quebec family study.

Objective: To clarify the relationship between the amount of mid-thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and glucose tolerance in men and women.

Methods: Midthigh and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 63 men and 110 women from the Quebec Family Study. Areas and attenuations of adipose tissue compartments and skeletal muscle measured from CT scans were related to glycemia and insulinemia values from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).