Low rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance in Botswana.

Background: Scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and introduction of treat-all strategy necessitates population-level monitoring of acquired HIV drug resistance (ADR) and pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) mutations.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 4973 HIV-positive individuals residing in 30 communities across Botswana who participated in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP) in 2013-2018. HIV sequences were obtained by long-range HIV genotyping.

Cross-sectional estimates revealed high HIV incidence in Botswana rural communities in the era of successful ART scale-up in 2013-2015.

Background: Botswana is close to reaching the UNAIDS "90-90-90" HIV testing, antiretroviral treatment (ART), and viral suppression goals. We sought to determine HIV incidence in this setting with both high HIV prevalence and high ART coverage.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional approach to assessing HIV incidence.

Lack of Virological Suppression Among Young HIV-Positive Adults in Botswana.

Background: HIV-1 RNA load is the best biological predictor of HIV transmission and treatment response. The rate of virologic suppression among key subpopulations can guide HIV prevention programs.

Methods: The Botswana Combination Prevention Project performed a population-based household survey among adults in 30 communities in Botswana.

High HIV-1 RNA Among Newly Diagnosed People in Botswana.

HIV-1 RNA level is strongly associated with HIV transmission risk. We sought to determine whether HIV-1 RNA level was associated with prior knowledge of HIV status among treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Botswana, a country with high rates of antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage. This information may be helpful in targeting HIV diagnosis and treatment efforts in similar high HIV prevalence settings in a population-based survey.

Botswana's progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90-90-90 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey.

Background: HIV programmes face challenges achieving high rates of HIV testing and treatment needed to optimise health and to reduce transmission. We used data from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project study survey to assess Botswana's progress toward achieving UNAIDS targets for 2020: 90% of all people living with HIV knowing their status, 90% of these receiving sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 90% of those having virological suppression (90-90-90).

Methods: A population-based sample of individuals was recruited and interviewed in 30 rural and periurban communities from Oct 30, 2013, to Nov 24, 2015, as part of a large, ongoing community-randomised trial designed to assess the effect of a combination prevention package on HIV incidence.