Epidemiological Assessment of Malaria Prevalence among Children Under 5 in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Cameroon, particularly affecting children under 5 years of age. Despite these efforts, its prevalence persists, highlighting the need for comprehensive epidemiological studies to guide interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected health areas across five regions of Cameroon.

Measuring the Vaccine Success Index: A Framework for Long-Term Economic Evaluation and Monitoring in the Case of Rotavirus Vaccination.

New vaccination programs measure economic success through cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) based on an outcome evaluated over a certain time frame. The reimbursement price of the newly approved vaccine is then often reliant on a simulated ideal effect projection because of limited long-term data availability. This optimal cost-effectiveness result is later rarely adjusted to the observed effect measurements, barring instances of market competition-induced price erosion through the tender process.

The broader benefits of vaccines: methodologies for inclusion in economic evaluation.

Background: As the societal value of vaccines is increasingly recognized, there is a need to examine methodological approaches that could be used to integrate these various benefits in the economic evaluation of a vaccine.

Research Design And Methods: A literature review and two expert panel meetings explored methodologies to value herd immunity, health spillover effects (beyond herd immunity), impact on antimicrobial resistance, productivity, and equity implications of vaccines.

Results: The consideration of broader benefits of vaccines in economic evaluation is complicated and necessitates technical expertise.

Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the collaboration among healthcare professionals in the nursing home setting.

Background: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) postulates that behavioral performance is guided by the intention to perform that behavior, influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This framework can be applied to studying interprofessional collaboration among healthcare professionals to enhance patient safety and public health within nursing homes.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the roles of physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in the interprofessional collaboration process while identifying facilitators and barriers to effective collaboration among healthcare professionals.

Discounting health gain: a different view.

At least since the Age of Enlightenment, good health has been a tenet for society. Healthy societies could learn better, work harder, improve their wealth, and live longer. Today societies focus on life expectancy, as we value long and healthy lives.

Modeling the public health impact of voxelotor in the management of sickle cell disease in France.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder in which sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerizes, leading to red blood cell sickling and chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, and end-organ damage associated with early mortality. Despite standard of care, patients with SCD still experience complications and early mortality, highlighting remaining unmet treatment needs. Voxelotor is a first-in-class HbS polymerization inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for SCD and by the European Medicines Agency for hemolytic anemia due to SCD.

Economic Analysis of Renal Replacement Therapy Modality in Acute Kidney Injury Patients With Fluid Overload.

Unlabelled: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid overload (FO) are among the top reasons to initiate intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Prior research suggests CRRT provides more precise volume control, but whether CRRT is cost-effective remains unclear. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of CRRT for volume control compared with IHD from a U.

Public health impact and return on investment of Belgium's pediatric immunization program.

Objective: We evaluated the public health impact and return on investment of Belgium's pediatric immunization program (PIP) from both healthcare-sector and societal perspectives.

Methods: We developed a decision analytic model for 6 vaccines routinely administered in Belgium for children aged 0-10 years: DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib, DTaP-IPV, MMR, PCV, rotavirus, and meningococcal type C. We used separate decision trees to model each of the 11 vaccine-preventable pathogens: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, type b, measles, mumps, rubella, , rotavirus, and meningococcal type C; hepatitis B was excluded because of surveillance limitations.

Estimating the lifetime cost of vaccination in 23 European Countries: a modeling study.

Background: All European countries have national immunization programs (NIPs) to protect gainst infectious diseases. We aimed to estimate the individual lifetime cost of vaccination in 23 European countries, assuming full compliance with NIP schedules.

Research Design And Methods: We used publicly available data to estimate the individual lifetime cost of vaccination with the vaccines that are currently recommended and funded in each country for healthy individuals and for individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Early versus delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy in cardiac-surgery associated acute kidney injury: an economic perspective.

Background: Timing for renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation for cardiac-surgery associated acute kidney surgery (CSA-AKI) is subject to debate. Evidence suggests earlier initiation leads to shorter length of stay (LoS). We investigated differences in healthcare costs associated with timing of RRT initiation in CSA-AKI.

MosquirixTM malaria vaccine: an evaluation of patients' willingness to pay in Cameroon.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the average price that a patient living in Cameroon would be willing to pay for the MosquirixTM vaccine and the factors influencing the proposed price.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Data were collected using a semi-open questionnaire in 5 hospitals in Cameroon. This study included all persons over 18 years who came for consultation in one of the 5 selected hospitals during the study period (from 02th to 14th April 2018 and from 02th to 22th July 2018).

Addressing HCV Elimination Barriers in Italy: Healthcare Resource Utilization and Cost Impact Using 8 Weeks' Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Therapy.

Introduction: In Italy, hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination is achievable; however, barriers remain to achieving the World Health Organization's elimination targets, and have become more pronounced with the spread of COVID-19. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) is a direct-acting antiviral therapy for HCV, approved for 8-week treatment in patients without cirrhosis, and with compensated cirrhosis (CC). Previously, 12 weeks of therapy was recommended for patients with CC.

Economic Evaluation of Vaccines: Belgian Reflections on the Need for a Broader Perspective.

Objectives: The standard framework of economic evaluation of health programs, which is increasingly used for policy funding decisions, is insufficiently equipped to reflect the full range of health and economic benefits conferred by vaccines and thus undervalues vaccination.

Methods: In 2019, a group of Belgian health economic and clinical experts, supported by 2 senior international vaccination experts (1 American, 1 Belgian), convened 4 roundtable meetings to highlight which particular value elements of vaccination remain neglected in economic evaluations.

Results: They concluded that the standard economic evaluation framework fails to reflect the full value of vaccination with respect to prevention of complications linked to some vaccine-preventable diseases, health gains for caregivers, herd effects, changes in exposure to and distribution of serotypes, the effect on antimicrobial resistance, productivity gains for caregivers and patients, and the distributive implications of vaccination programs.

Cost-Effectiveness of Gliclazide-Based Intensive Glucose Control vs. Standard Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. An Economic Analysis of the ADVANCE Trial in Vietnam.

ADVANCE was a large, multinational clinical study conducted over 5 years in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In all, 11,140 patients were randomly assigned to receive gliclazide-based intensive glucose control (IGC) or standard glucose control (SGC). IGC was shown to significantly reduce the incidence of major macrovascular and microvascular events (composite endpoint) or major microvascular events compared with SGC, primarily by enhancing renal protection.

Economic impact of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and cost-benefit analysis of the vaccination programmes based on a one-year continuous monitoring of flocks in the arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya.

In Kenya and East Africa, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases affecting small ruminants in pastoral areas with adverse consequences on livelihoods. This is so despite the implementation of bi-annual vaccination campaigns. Unfortunately, the impact of the disease and the cost-effectiveness of its prevention and control in a pastoral context have been difficult to assess due to a lack of reliable data.

The health economics burden of sarcopenia: a systematic review.

Despite of better knowledge about sarcopenia, an optimal understanding of its consequences from a public health perspective remains a challenge. Specifically, the economic burden of the illness is unclear. As a support for the public health policy makers and other health actors, our objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature comparing healthcare costs between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients (under the registration number CRD42018099291).

Hepatitis C in Lebanon: the burden of the disease and the value of comprehensive screening and treatment.

Purpose: To analyze the hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden in Lebanon and the value of comprehensive screening and treatment for different age groups and fibrosis stages.

Methods: We used a multicohort, health-state-transition model to project the number of HCV genotype 1 and 4 patients achieving a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment or progressing to compensated cirrhosis (CC), decompensated cirrhosis (DCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver-related death (LrD) from 2016 to 2036. In the low/medium/high screening scenarios, the proportion of patients screened for HCV was projected to increase to 60%/85%/99%, respectively, by 2036.

Vaccination budget in Europe: an update.

Immunization has been shown to be the most effective disease prevention measure of all time, apart from water purification. However, vaccination programs remain highly vulnerable to budget cuts as their benefits may not be immediately and fully identifiable. Therefore, monitoring of healthcare expenditures allocated to prevention and vaccination is critical.

Hepatitis C in Lebanon: burden of the disease and value of comprehensive screening and treatment.

Introduction: As few reliable data on the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are available from the Middle East, we analyzed HCV burden in the Lebanese population and the value of comprehensive screening and treatment at different age groups and fibrosis stages.

Methodology: A multi-cohort, health-state-transition model was developed to project the number of HCV patients achieving a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) or progressing to compensated cirrhosis (CC), decompensated cirrhosis (DCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related death (LrD) from 2016 to 2036. Epidemiology and mortality data were extracted from the Ministry of Health bulletin while costs were collected from insurance claims.

Optimising the introduction of multiple childhood vaccines in Japan: A model proposing the introduction sequence achieving the highest health gains.

Background: Many countries struggle with the prioritisation of introducing new vaccines because of budget limitations and lack of focus on public health goals. A model has been developed that defines how specific health goals can be optimised through immunisation within vaccination budget constraints.

Methods: Japan, as a country example, could introduce 4 new pediatric vaccines targeting influenza, rotavirus, pneumococcal disease and mumps with known burden of disease, vaccine efficacies and maximum achievable coverages.

The Future Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Europe: A Claim for Public Health Action.

Sarcopenia is a major public health issue. To convince health policy makers of the emergency to invest in the sarcopenia field, it is of critical importance to produce reliable figures of the expected burden of sarcopenia in the coming years. Age- and gender-specific population projections were retrieved until 2045 from the Eurostat online database (28 European countries).

Public health impact of comprehensive hepatitis C screening and treatment in the French baby-boomer population.

Objective: To estimate the public health impact of comprehensive hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and access to all-oral, interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the French baby-boomer population (1945-1965 birth cohorts).

Methods: A sequential, multi-cohort, health-state transition model was developed to assess the impact of different hepatitis C screening and treatment strategies on clinical and economic outcomes in the 1945-1965 birth cohorts. Patients newly-diagnosed with chronic HCV were projected each year from 2016 to 2036 under three screening scenarios (70% [low], 75% [intermediate], and 80% [high] HCV awareness in 2036).

How much money is spent on vaccines across Western European countries?

Prevention programs, particularly vaccinations, remain highly vulnerable to budget cuts because their benefits may not be immediately identifiable. Seven Western European countries were selected (Germany, England, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Portugal) constituting a good mix of vaccine procurement modalities, with the objective to document the proportion of healthcare spending devoted to vaccines and its evolution. A data search was performed using the OECD online databases and official national sources from 2008 (2006 for England).

The cost of vaccination throughout life: A western European overview.

Despite the interest of policy makers, the actual investment in vaccination is poorly documented. Our study assessed the costs of vaccination throughout life for a fully immunized Western European citizen. National vaccination calendars for England, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden were retrieved.