Protective Effects of Adropin in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate early effects of exogenously administered adropin (AD) on neurological function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, nitrite/nitrate levels, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: Following intracerebroventricular AD administration (10 µg/5 µl at a rate of 1 µl/min) SAH model was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats by injection of autologous blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. The effects of AD were assessed 24 h following SAH.

Zinc (Zn) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model: A comparative evaluation of behavioral and immunohistochemical results.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and sustained neuroinflammation due to microglial activation. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) secrete neuroprotective factors to prevent neuronal damage. Furthermore, Zn regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation and has immunomodulatory functions.

Intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor at the frontal bone in a child: a rare cause of proptosis.

We report a nine-year-old male having malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the frontal bone, represented with a twelve-month history of ptosis and proptosis in his right eye and enlarged rapidly in the last three months. Except for slight numbness at his one-third of the right forehead, he had no neurological deficit. The patient's both eyes were having normal eye movements, and he had no visual acuity or field loss.

Endonasal endoscopic approach for sellar metastatic pathologies: a national observation.

Purpose: Sellar metastases are rare lesions. Recent improvements in diagnosis and treatment strategies have prolonged survival but increased the probability of metastatic tumors. Evaluation with clinical symptomatology and meticulous laboratory examination is crucial.

Effect of the "Time to Surgery" on Civil Cranial Gunshot Injuries: Syria War.

Studies on cranial gunshot injuries in the Syrian war are present in the literature. However, the effect of surgical timing on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgical treatment has not been discussed extensively. In this study, the time from injury to surgery is called "time to surgery.

Endoscopic Bilateral Optic Nerve Decompression for Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate the results of bilateral endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) with the opening nerve sheath (ONS) technique in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: Between the years of 2017 and 2019, we retrospectively evaluated nine IIH patients with progressive visual impairment despite medical treatment and who were treated with the EOND and ONS techniques. We also demonstrated our surgical technique recipe on postmortem human heads in a stepwise manner.

CTCFL expression is associated with cerebral vascular abnormalities.

CTCFL is expressed in testis, oocytes and embryonic stem cells, and is aberrantly expressed in malignant cells, and is classified as a cancer-testis gene. We have previously shown by using a tetracycline-inducible Ctcfl transgene that inappropriate expression of Ctcfl negatively impacts fetal development and causes early postnatal lethality in the mouse. The affected pups displayed severe vascular abnormalities and localized hemorrhages in the brain evocative of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) and arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in humans.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt treatment in a pregnant renal transplant recipient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Case report and review of the literature.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a relatively uncommon disorder characterised by raised intracranial pressure without an established pathogenesis. Diagnosis of IIH requires the demonstration of symptoms and signs referable only to elevated intracranial pressure; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure >25cm HO measured in the lateral decubitus position; normal CSF composition; and no evidence for an underlying structural cause demonstrated by using MRI or contrast-enhanced CT scan for typical patients and MRI and MR venography for atypical patients such as man, children and those with low body mass index. We present a 38-year old primigravid renal transplant patient at 7 weeks of gestation who presented with 2 weeks of intense, throbbing, holocranial headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, diplopia and progressive visual loss.

Pentoxifylline Alleviates Early Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease frequently caused by ruptured aneurysms. Early brain injury (EBI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with SAH and is associated with increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow and cerebral ischemia. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative clinically proven to improve perfusion in the peripheral microcirculation and has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in brain trauma and global cerebral ischemia in experimental animal models.

[Subcutaneous stimulation as additional therapy to spinal cord stimulation in a post-laminectomy syndrome patient].

Spinal cord stimulation as treatment of chronic low back pain via neuromodulation has been frequently performed in recent years. The dorsal column is stimulated by an electrode placed at the epidural region. In the case presently described, subcutaneous lead was implanted in a patient with failed back syndrome after spinal cord stimulation was inadequate to treat back and gluteal pain.

Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in a University Hospital in Turkey.

Aim: To examine the use of prognostic factors such as age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pupil reactivity and computerized tomography (CT) findings for predicting the prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in Turkey.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated TBI patients who were accepted to Akdeniz University Intensive Care Unit between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2009. Patient data were collected from the hospital information system.

Spontaneous Shrinkage of a Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst Diagnosed with Prenatal Sonography and Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Arachnoid cysts (AC's) are congenital anomalies that occur within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cisterns and major cerebral fissures. Suprasellar AC's comprise 5-12.5% of all the lesions.

The effect of amifostine on pathophysiological changes in vasogenic brain edema induced by an experimental cold injury model.

Aim: To investigate the effects of amifostine, a cytoprotective agent, on pathophysiological changes in vasogenic brain edema induced by an experimental cold injury model and to compare these changes with dexamethasone.

Material And Methods: A total of 138 rats divided into 6 groups. Brain water content (BWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in brain tissue were calculated to evaluate the pathophysiological changes following experimental cold injury.

Cerebrospinal fluid cystatin C levels following treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aim: To investigate the changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cystatin C (CC) levels associated with the postoperative ischemic conditions and prognostic outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 40 patients with microsurgically clipped intracranial aneurysms (IA's) and 22 control CSF samples. In patients, CSF samples were taken from the lumbar intrathecal catheter for CC measurement, at the beginning of operation, immediately after the operation (early postoperative), and the first postoperative day (late postoperative).

Multiple spinal cavernous malformations in Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is a rare, congenital vascular disorder characterized by cutaneous haemangiomas, venous varicosities, and hypertrophy of the osseous and soft tissue. Various vascular anomalies of the central nervous system have been described in this syndrome. Two previous associations between KTWS and spinal cord cavernous malformations have been reported in the English literature.

Effects of decompressive surgery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and bilateral non-reactive dilated pupils.

Background: We investigated Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) changes, and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) associated with bilateral non-reactive dilated pupils (BNDP) who underwent decompressive surgery (DS).

Methods: The study group consisted of 28 patients (11 females, 17 males) with BNDP from among 147 patients who underwent DS due to STBI in our department.

Results: The mean GCS score was 4.

The results of radiological screening in asymptomatic at-risk members of intracranial aneurysm families from the Turkish population.

Aim: To better understand the characteristics of familial intracranial aneurysms (FIA) and to investigate the yield of screening in asymptomatic, at-risk individuals in intracranial aneurysm (IA) families within the Turkish population.

Material And Methods: We identified six families in which at least two first-degree relative members had an IA in our database. In five families, we screened 95 first-degree relatives of affected members.

Retroclival arachnoid cyst presenting with haemorrhage: a brief report of a special case.

Retroclival arachnoid cysts are rarely reported. A 40-year-old woman had a sudden onset of occipitocervical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic mass lesion located in the retroclival region and complicated with intracystic haemorrhage.

Spontaneous resolution of a large chronic subdural hematoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Spontaneous resolution of a chronic subdural hematoma has been reported rarely in the literature. We present herein the case of a 35-year-old patient with spontaneous resolution of a large chronic subdural hematoma, the volume of which was measured as approximately 76.5 ml on magnetic resonance imaging.

Primary atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the clival region. Case report.

An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm found in infants and children that has similar characteristics to CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors/medulloblastomas. The authors present the case of a patient with an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and discuss the imaging, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic findings. Tumor cells displayed positive reactions for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and cytokeratin, and they displayed no reaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, and actin.

Molecular genetic analysis of two large kindreds with intracranial aneurysms demonstrates linkage to 11q24-25 and 14q23-31.

Background And Purpose: Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the formation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). To search for IA susceptibility genes, we took an outlier approach, using parametric genome-wide linkage analysis in extended IA kindreds in which IA is inherited as a simple Mendelian trait. We hereby present the molecular genetic analysis of 2 such families.

Spontaneous decrease in the size of a residual thoracic intradural lipoma.

Intradural spinal lipomas of thoracic cord are quite rare. It is known that lipomas are hamartomas, which change their size with alterations of body fat. An 18-year-old male patient, with a thoracic intradural lipoma showing spontaneous decrease in the size of a residual lipoma and tethering of the cord 4 years after surgery, is presented in this report.