Structural expression of bovine milk and meat factors in tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer patients.

Chronic inflammation, linked to the presence of bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) and specific subsets of macrophages, results in oxygen radical synthesis and induction of mutations in DNA of actively replicating cells and replicating single stranded DNA. Cancers arising from this process have been characterized as indirect carcinogenesis by infectious agents (without persistence of genes of the agent in premalignant or cancers cells). Here, we investigate structural properties of pleomorphic vesicles, regularly identified by staining peritumor tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer for expression of BMMF Rep.

Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Human Cancers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Exemplified by infections with bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs), this manuscript emphasizes the different mechanistic aspects of infectious agents contributing to human cancers by "direct" or "indirect" interactions. The epidemiology of cancers linked to direct carcinogens (e.g.

Analysis of chronic inflammatory lesions of the colon for BMMF Rep antigen expression and CD68 macrophage interactions.

Consumption of Eurasian bovine meat and milk has been associated with cancer development, in particular with colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, zoonotic infectious agents from bovine products were proposed to cause colon cancer (zur Hausen et al., 2009).

A specific class of infectious agents isolated from bovine serum and dairy products and peritumoral colon cancer tissue.

The analyses of 109 replication-competent genomic DNA sequences isolated from cow milk and its products (97 in the bovine meat and milk factors 2 group - BMMF2, and additional 4 in BMMF1) seems to place these in a specific class of infectious agents spanning between bacterial plasmid and circular ssDNA viruses. Satellite-type small plasmids with partial homology to larger genomes, were also isolated in both groups. A member of the BMMF1 group H1MBS.

Isolation of Two Virus-Like Circular DNAs from Commercially Available Milk Samples.

Epidemiological data indicate a potential relationship between milk and dairy product consumption and the incidence of breast cancer, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. We report the isolation of two novel circular DNA molecules isolated from commercially available milk.

Infectious Agents in Bovine Red Meat and Milk and Their Potential Role in Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases.

Red meat and dairy products have frequently been suggested to represent risk factors for certain cancers, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the evidence and investigates the possible involvement of infectious factors in these diseases. The isolation of small circular single-stranded DNA molecules from serum and dairy products of Eurasian Aurochs (Bos taurus)-derived cattle, obviously persisting as episomes in infected cells, provides the basis for further investigations.

Viremia during pregnancy and risk of childhood leukemia and lymphomas in the offspring: Nested case-control study.

A possible role for infections of the pregnant mother in the development of childhood acute leukemias and lymphomas has been suggested. However, no specific infectious agent has been identified. Offspring of 74,000 mothers who had serum samples taken during pregnancy and stored in a large-scale biobank were followed up to the age of 15 years (750,000 person years) through over-generation linkages between the biobank files, the Swedish national population and cancer registers to identify incident leukemia/lymphoma cases in the offspring.

Reprint of: cancer "causation" by infections--individual contributions and synergistic networks.

The search for infectious agents playing a role in human carcinogenesis and their identification remain important issues. This could provide clues for a broader spectrum of cancers preventable by vaccination and accessible to specific therapeutic regimens. Yet, the various ways of interacting among different factors functioning synergistically and their different modes of affecting individual cells should bring to question the validity of the term "causation".

Dairy cattle serum and milk factors contributing to the risk of colon and breast cancers.

The analysis of published epidemiological data on colon and breast cancer reveals a remarkable concordance for most regions of the world. A low incidence for both cancers has been recorded in Mongolia and Bolivia. Discrepant data, however, have been reported for India, Japan and Korea.

Cancer "causation" by infections--individual contributions and synergistic networks.

The search for infectious agents playing a role in human carcinogenesis and their identification remain important issues. This could provide clues for a broader spectrum of cancers preventable by vaccination and accessible to specific therapeutic regimens. Yet, the various ways of interacting among different factors functioning synergistically and their different modes of affecting individual cells should bring to question the validity of the term "causation".

Novel replication-competent circular DNA molecules from healthy cattle serum and milk and multiple sclerosis-affected human brain tissue.

Epidemiological data point to the involvement of a cow milk factor in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Eleven circular DNA molecules closely related to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)-associated isolate Sphinx 1.76 were isolated from healthy cattle serum, cow milk, and serum and brain tissue from MS patients.

Mycovirus-like DNA virus sequences from cattle serum and human brain and serum samples from multiple sclerosis patients.

Myco-like viruses have been isolated from fungi, feces of various animals, and plant leaves. We report here the isolation of 3 complete genome sequences of gemycircularvirus-related viruses from healthy bovine serum and human brain and serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Their putative capsid proteins share similarity to Torque teno virus (TTV) open reading frame 1 (ORF1) proteins.

Isolation of bacterial plasmid-related replication-associated circular DNA from a serum sample of a multiple sclerosis patient.

Psychrobacter species are considered to be opportunistic human pathogens. We report here the isolation of a circular DNA molecule, MSSI1.162, from a serum sample taken from a multiple sclerosis patient during relapse.

Isolation of protein-associated circular DNA from healthy cattle serum.

Three replication-competent single-stranded DNA molecules sharing nucleotide similarity to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)-associated isolate Sphinx 2.36 were isolated from healthy bovine serum.

A human torque teno virus encodes a microRNA that inhibits interferon signaling.

Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a group of viruses with small, circular DNA genomes. Members of this family are thought to ubiquitously infect humans, although causal disease associations are currently lacking. At present, there is no understanding of how infection with this diverse group of viruses is so prevalent.

Cross-roads in the classification of papillomaviruses.

Acceptance of an official classification for the family Papillomaviridae based purely on DNA sequence relatedness, was achieved as late as 2003. The rate of isolation and characterization of new papillomavirus types has greatly depended on and subjected to the development of new laboratory techniques. Introduction of every new technique led to a temporarily burst in the number of new isolates.

The transcriptional regulator gene E2 of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 influences the radiosensitivity of cervical keratinocytes.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that HPV induced tumors constitute a specific subclass of cancer with a better response to radiation treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate meaning of viral E2-gene for radiosensitivity.

Methods: W12 cells contain episomal HPV 16 genomes, whereas S12 cells, which derive from the W12 line, contain HPV DNA as integrated copies.

Phylogenetically diverse TT virus viremia among pregnant women.

Infections during pregnancy have been suggested to be involved in childhood leukemias. We used high-throughput sequencing to describe the viruses most readily detectable in serum samples of pregnant women. Serum DNA of 112 mothers to leukemic children was amplified using whole genome amplification.

Analysis of Tp53 codon 72 polymorphisms, Tp53 mutations, and HPV infection in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancers are one of the most common human malignancies accounting for 2-3% of tumors in the US and represent a significant health burden. Epidemiology studies have implicated Tp53 mutations triggered by UV exposure, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection to be significant causes of non-melanoma skin cancer. However, the relationship between Tp53 and cutaneous HPV infection is not well understood in skin cancers.

Differential regulation of cutaneous oncoprotein HPVE6 by wtp53, mutant p53R248W and ΔNp63α is HPV type dependent.

UV exposure and p53 mutations are major factors in non-melanoma skin cancer, whereas a role for HPV infections has not been defined. Previous data demonstrated the wtp53-mediated degradation of cutaneous HPV20E6 by caspase-3. ΔNp63α and hot-spot mutant p53R248W conveyed a protective effect on HPV20E6 under these conditions.

Epstein-Barr virus stimulates torque teno virus replication: a possible relationship to multiple sclerosis.

Viral infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has frequently been investigated as a possible candidate and torque teno virus (TTV) has also been discussed in this context. Nevertheless, mechanistic aspects remain unresolved.

The diversity of torque teno viruses: in vitro replication leads to the formation of additional replication-competent subviral molecules.

The family Anelloviridae comprises torque teno viruses (TTVs) diverse in genome structure and organization. The isolation of a large number of TTV genomes (TTV Heidelberg [TTV-HD]) of 26 TTV types is reported. Several isolates from the same type indicate sequence variation within open reading frame 1 (ORF1), resulting in considerably modified open reading frames.

Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments.

We present an expansion of the classification of the family Papillomaviridae, which now contains 29 genera formed by 189 papillomavirus (PV) types isolated from humans (120 types), non-human mammals, birds and reptiles (64, 3 and 2 types, respectively). To accommodate the number of PV genera exceeding the Greek alphabet, the prefix "dyo" is used, continuing after the Omega-PVs with Dyodelta-PVs. The current set of human PVs is contained within five genera, whereas mammalian, avian and reptile PVs are contained within 20, 3 and 1 genera, respectively.

Cutaneous human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

To evaluate the prevalence and meaning of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types in HNSCC 51 patients were analyzed for the prevalence of cutaneous as well as mucosal HPV. HPV DNA was demonstrated in 18 (35%) of 51 tumors. The majority of these HPV types belong to so-called cutaneous HPV types, whereas only HPV 6 and HPV 16 were from the mucosal HPV types.