Beyond the kidney: extra-renal manifestations of monogenic nephrolithiasis and their significance.

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the frequency of occurrence of extra-renal manifestations associated with monogenic nephrolithiasis.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify genes that are monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database was used to identify associated diseases and their properties.