Isolation of Single Donors in ZnO.

The shallow donor in zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising semiconductor spin qubit with optical access. Single indium donors are isolated in a commercial ZnO substrate using plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) milling. Quantum emitters are identified optically by spatial and frequency filtering.

Abnormal features of human self-domestication in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental condition characterized by episodes of elevated mood and depression. Being a heritable condition, it features a complex genetic architecture, although it is not still clear how genes contribute to the onset and course of the disease. In this paper, we adopted an evolutionary-genomic approach to this condition, focusing on changes occurred during human evolution as a source of our distinctive cognitive and behavioural phenotype.

Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain.

Cerebellar outputs take polysynaptic routes to reach the rest of the brain, impeding conventional tracing. Here, we quantify pathways between the cerebellum and forebrain by using transsynaptic tracing viruses and a whole-brain analysis pipeline. With retrograde tracing, we find that most descending paths originate from the somatomotor cortex.

Latent murine leukemia virus infection characterized by the release of non-infectious virions.

Clonal cell lines derived from cultures infected with a polytropic MuLV release vastly different levels of infectious virions ranging from undetectable to very high. Low producing clones release an overwhelming proportion of non-infectious virions containing retroviral RNA but deficient in the Env protein. Non-infectious virion production is not due to an inability of the cells to support infectious MuLV production or to an inherent replicative defectiveness of the proviruses.

Endogenous retroviruses mobilized during friend murine leukemia virus infection.

We have demonstrated in a mouse model that infection with a retrovirus can lead not only to the generation of recombinants between exogenous and endogenous gammaretrovirus, but also to the mobilization of endogenous proviruses by pseudotyping entire polytropic proviral transcripts and facilitating their infectious spread to new cells. However, the frequency of this occurrence, the kinetics, and the identity of mobilized endogenous proviruses was unclear. Here we find that these mobilized transcripts are detected after only one day of infection.

DSCAM promotes refinement in the mouse retina through cell death and restriction of exploring dendrites.

In this study we develop and use a gain-of-function mouse allele of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) to complement loss-of-function models. We assay the role of Dscam in promoting cell death, spacing, and laminar targeting of neurons in the developing mouse retina. We find that ectopic or overexpression of Dscam is sufficient to drive cell death.

The meaning of excellence.

Rationale And Objectives: Program directors would like to interview the very best students applying to their programs. The summary paragraph of the dean's letter should provide useful information regarding a student's performance in medical school. One frequently found descriptor is excellent.