Explaining neural scaling laws.

The population loss of trained deep neural networks often follows precise power-law scaling relations with either the size of the training dataset or the number of parameters in the network. We propose a theory that explains the origins of and connects these scaling laws. We identify variance-limited and resolution-limited scaling behavior for both dataset and model size, for a total of four scaling regimes.

Early observations with an ERAS pathway for thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Moving the goalposts forward.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways have become the standard of care in various surgical specialties. In this study, we discuss our initial experience with a staged enhanced recovery after surgery pathway in endocrine surgery and assess the impact of this pathway on select perioperative outcomes and unanticipated admissions.

Methods: We collected information regarding all thyroid/parathyroid surgeries performed by endocrine surgeons at our institution before and after the implementation of the multi-intervention enhanced recovery after surgery pathway.

WhichTF is functionally important in your open chromatin data?

We present WhichTF, a computational method to identify functionally important transcription factors (TFs) from chromatin accessibility measurements. To rank TFs, WhichTF applies an ontology-guided functional approach to compute novel enrichment by integrating accessibility measurements, high-confidence pre-computed conservation-aware TF binding sites, and putative gene-regulatory models. Comparison with prior sheer abundance-based methods reveals the unique ability of WhichTF to identify context-specific TFs with functional relevance, including NF-κB family members in lymphocytes and GATA factors in cardiac cells.

Acute appendicitis severity during the early COVID-19 pandemic period.

Background: The early COVID-19 pandemic period significantly strained the US healthcare system. During this period, consultations and admissions for acute medical conditions decreased, which was associated with an increase in disease-specific morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we sought to determine what, if any, effect the early COVID-19 pandemic period had on the presentation, management, and histopathologic severity of acute appendicitis.

Transcription factor expression defines subclasses of developing projection neurons highly similar to single-cell RNA-seq subtypes.

We are only just beginning to catalog the vast diversity of cell types in the cerebral cortex. Such categorization is a first step toward understanding how diversification relates to function. All cortical projection neurons arise from a uniform pool of progenitor cells that lines the ventricles of the forebrain.

Research Techniques Made Simple: Cutaneous Colorimetry: A Reliable Technique for Objective Skin Color Measurement.

Skin color evaluation contributes to assessment of an individual's cutaneous phenotype. Skin color changes provide important clues to disease progression or treatment response. Skin color is also a predictor of skin cancer risk.