Combining Nanopore direct RNA sequencing with genetics and mass spectrometry for analysis of T-loop base modifications across 42 yeast tRNA isoacceptors.

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) contain dozens of chemical modifications. These modifications are critical for maintaining tRNA tertiary structure and optimizing protein synthesis. Here we advance the use of Nanopore direct RNA-sequencing (DRS) to investigate the synergy between modifications that are known to stabilize tRNA structure.

A prion accelerates proliferation at the expense of lifespan.

In fluctuating environments, switching between different growth strategies, such as those affecting cell size and proliferation, can be advantageous to an organism. Trade-offs arise, however. Mechanisms that aberrantly increase cell size or proliferation-such as mutations or chemicals that interfere with growth regulatory pathways-can also shorten lifespan.