Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital anomaly with an unusually higher frequency of neuroendocrine tumors. Symptoms are rare, and, in most of the cases, are incidentally diagnosed. The clinical behavior of these tumors is heterogeneous and can be difficult to predict based on histology alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheranostic Nuclear Medicine is based on the idea of combining the same molecule (or drug) with different radioisotopes for both diagnosis and treatment, a concept that emerged in the early 1940s with the use of radioactive iodine for thyroid diseases. Theranostic Nuclear Medicine has since expanded to diseases of higher incidence, such as prostate cancer, with several imaging methods used to assess the extent of the disease and the corresponding radiopharmaceuticals used for treatment. For example, by detecting osteoblastic metastases by bone scintigraphy, corresponding radiopharmaceuticals with therapeutic properties can be administered to eliminate or reduce pain associated with metastases and/or determine overall survival gain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
February 2025
Background: TENIS syndrome is characterized by reduced expression of sodium-iodine symporter, rising serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and negative whole-body 131 I scans. In such patients, somatostatin receptor imaging with 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (somatostatin receptor [SSR] PET/CT) and 18 F-FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT) can identify metastases and were compared under 2 conditions: elevated (eTSH) and suppressed (sTSH) TSH serum levels. Potential candidates for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRNT) were identified in 15 patients prospectively enrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the1980s, radiolabeled cells helped understand the pathology of hemato-oncology. In the 1990s, preclinical trials evaluated radiolabeled immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) such as anti-CD20 agents labeled with Iodine-131 (Bexxar) or Yttrium-90 (Zevalin). Due to the safe and durable responses of radiolabeled MoAbs, the Food and Drug Administration approved these agents in the 2000s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[This corrects the article on p. 352 in vol. 11, PMID: 34754606.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBRAF and TERT oncogenes hotspot mutations are associated with a more aggressive outcome in thyroid carcinomas (TC). TERT promoter (pTERT) mutations (C228T and C250T) are related to cancer growth and reduced overall- and disease-free survivals in TC. We report a patient followed up for 8 years with a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) presenting an extremely aggressive course, who developed a large volume of metastases in a short period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons with impaired motor and non-motor symptoms. It has been suggested that motor asymmetry could be caused due to an imbalance in dopamine levels, as visualized by dopamine transporter single emission computed tomography test (DAT-SPECT), which might be related to indirect measures of neurodegeneration, evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and α-synuclein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, this study aimed to understand the correlation between disease laterality, DAT-SPECT, cognition, and α-synuclein levels in PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate the performance of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG PET/CT) in localizing epileptogenic zones, comparing F-FDG injection performed in the traditional interictal period with that performed near the time of a seizure.
Materials And Methods: We evaluated patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent F-FDG PET/CT. The reference standards for localization of the epileptogenic zone were histopathology and follow-up examinations (in patients who underwent surgery) or serial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, long-term video EEG, and magnetic resonance imaging (in patients who did not).
F-FDG PET/CT quantification of whole-body tumor burden in lymphoma is not routinely performed because of the lack of fast methods. Although the semiautomatic method is fast, it is not fast enough to quantify tumor burden in daily clinical practice. Our purpose was to evaluate the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) software in localizing neoplastic lesions in whole-body F-FDG PET/CT images of pediatric lymphoma patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
October 2021
We reviewed the records of mCRPC patients treated with off-label use of Ra-223. Ra-223 efficiency in this non-study population was correlated to outcome measures overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), bone event-free survival, bone marrow failure (BMF), and disease-related biomarkers. There were no limits regarding the number of prior hormonal agents or chemotherapy received before or during Ra-223.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiol Bras
January 2021
Objective: To determine whether the whole-body tumor burden, as quantified by F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT), is a prognostic indicator in advanced (stage III or IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study in which we evaluated F-FDG PET/CT staging parameters to quantify tumor burdens in patients with stage III or IV NSCLC. The following parameters were evaluated for the whole body (including the primary tumor) and for the primary tumor alone, respectively: maximum standardized uptake volume (wbSUV and tuSUV); metabolic tumor volume (wbMTV and tuMTV); and total lesion glycolysis (wbTLG and tuTLG).
Introduction: Radiosynovectomy (RS) with Y-hydroxyapatite (Y-HyA) aims to control knee hemarthrosis in hemophiliac patients to prevent secondary arthropathy. However, knee RS using Sm-hydroxyapatite (Sm-HyA) is considered less suitable due to the lower average soft tissue range and energy of Sm for large joints, such as the knees.
Purpose: The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy and safety of knee RS with Sm-HyA, compared to Y-HyA.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
February 2021
Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Ga-PSMA PET/CT whole-body tumor burden (PSMAwbtb) is associated with clinical parameters and laboratory parameters in prostate cancer patients.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated prostate cancer patients submitted to PSMA PET/CT for primary staging purposes or due to biochemical recurrence (BR). PSMAwbtb metrics (total volume of PSMA-avid tumor (PSMA-TV)) and total uptake of PSMA-avid lesions (PSMA-TL) were calculated semi-automatically.
Purpose: F-fluorodeoxiglucose (F-FDG)-PET/CT has been widely used to evaluate multiple myeloma. Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy has also been proposed for assessing multiple myeloma, but its use with state-of-the-art single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) technology has not been fully evaluated.This study aimed to compare these two imaging modalities in multiple myeloma staging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report the case of a fracture healing after Ra in an 83-year-old wheelchair-bound man with prostate castration-resistant adenocarcinoma treated due to uncontrollable pain from widespread bone metastases. The patient fractured both right tibia and fibula 15 days prior to the first Ra cycle. After the first cycle, there was complete remission of his metastatic bone pain; after the second cycle, he began walking with support, which helped improve fracture healing; and after the third cycle, he presented complete mobility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrol Case Rep
November 2020
A patient was referred, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for pre-surgical evaluation of urothelial bladder carcinoma (single lesion). Two thickenings in the left ureter wall identified on the CT scan were equivocal for malignancy. 18F-FDG PET/CT with delayed pelvic images, hyperhydration, and furosemide showed hypermetabolic ureteral metastases and multifocal bladder tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadium-223 dichloride (Ra) is an α-emitter radionuclide approved for treatment of osteoblastic metastases in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Ra increases overall survival, improves bone pain, increases the median time to the first skeletal-related event, reduces the use of external beam radiation therapy for bone pain palliation, reduces the rates of spinal cord compression, and hospitalization. Ra therapy has minimal side effects; the most common hematological side effects are anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia while the nonhematological side effects that may occur are bone pain flare, nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: To perform a head-to-head comparison of the uptake pattern of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose in positron emission computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in radioiodine refractory thyroid carcinomas (RAIR) in the same patient under elevated TSH levels (TSH) and suppressed TSH levels (TSH).
Methods: FDG PET/CT studies were performed under two conditions: levothyroxine intake (TSH) and 30 days after hormonal withdrawal (TSH). SUVmax values and the number of lesions detected (local recurrence and metastases in cervical and distant lymph nodes, lungs and bone) where blindly evaluated.
Many efforts have been made to standardize the interpretation of F-FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma (MM) with qualitative visual analysis or with quantitative metabolic parameters using various methods for lesion segmentation of PET images. The aim of this study was to propose a quantitative method for bone and bone marrow evaluation of F-FDG PET/CT considering the extent and intensity of bone F-FDG uptake: Intensity of Bone Involvement (IBI). Whole body F-FDG PET/CT of 59 consecutive MM patients were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantification of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) can be time-consuming. We evaluated the performance of an automatic multifocal segmentation (MFS) method of quantification in patients with different stages of Hodgkin lymphoma, using the multiple VOI (MV) method as reference. This prospective bicentric study included 50 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who underwent staging F-FGD PET/CT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on muscles, using Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT.
Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 20 consecutive male professional water polo players. The mean age was 25 years (range, 18-36 years).
Objective: To determine whether an interim F-fluoride positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) study performed after the third cycle of radium-223 dichloride (RaCl) therapy is able to identify patients that will not respond to treatment.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 34 histologically confirmed cases of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with bone metastasis in patients submitted to RaCl therapy. All of the patients underwent baseline and interim F-fluoride PET/CT studies.