Publications by authors named "Etard J"
Article Synopsis
- The study examined changes in the prevalence of advanced HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa before and after the implementation of WHO guidelines aimed at treating all people living with HIV, regardless of CD4 count.
- Through cross-sectional surveys in Ndhiwa, Kenya, and Eshowe, South Africa, the research found a significant decrease in advanced HIV cases from 2012/2013 to 2018, particularly in Ndhiwa, where the proportion dropped from 11.8% to 5.0%.
- The results suggest improved access to care and treatment, especially for men in Ndhiwa; however, no significant changes were observed in Eshowe, indicating varied impacts of HIV management strategies across different
Age and gender disparities within the HIV cascade of care are critical to focus interventions efficiently. We assessed gender-age groups at the highest probability of unfavorable outcomes in the HIV cascade in five HIV prevalent settings. We performed pooled data analyses from population-based surveys conducted in Kenya, South Africa, Malawi and Zimbabwe between 2012 and 2016.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: In most African countries, confirmed COVID-19 case counts underestimate the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. We propose a multiplying factor to approximate the number of biologically probable new infections from the number of confirmed cases.
Methods: Each of the first thousand suspect (or alert) cases recorded in South Kivu (DRC) between 29 March and 29 November 2020 underwent a RT-PCR test and an IgM and IgG serology.
Objectives: Quantify the effects of characteristics of nursing homes and their surroundings on the spread of COVID-19 outbreaks and assess the changes in resident protection between the first 2 waves (March 1 to July 31 and August 1 to December 31, 2020).
Design: An observational study was carried out on data on COVID-19 outbreaks extracted from a database that monitored the spread of the virus in nursing homes.
Setting And Participants: The study concerned all 937 nursing homes with >10 beds in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France.
Data regarding the prevalence and consequences of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa are very limited. The study aimed to explore the frequency and risk factors of self-medication against COVID-19 by health personnel in this study. This cross-sectional study took place in June 2021, in Conakry, in the all three national hospitals and the six community medical centers, and five primary health centers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Insufficient long-term data are available on antibody kinetics in survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Likewise, few studies, with very small sample sizes, have investigated cross-reactions between Ebolavirus spp. In this study, we aimed to assess the humoral antibody response and its determinants in survivors of EVD and assess cross-reactivity of antibodies between diverse Ebolavirus spp.
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- Three seroprevalence surveys were conducted in Conakry, Guinea, over a period of 6 months to assess COVID-19 spread using cluster sampling.* -
- Seroprevalence rates rose significantly from 17.3% in December 2020 to 42.4% by June 2021, indicating persistent transmission across all age groups.* -
- These findings could help shape effective public health response strategies to manage the epidemic in the community.*
Background: HIV-serodiscordant couples are at high risk of HIV transmission. In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-serodiscordant couples contribute ~30% of all new infections in the region.
Objectives: To quantify the prevalence of HIV-serodiscordant couples and evaluate steps of the HIV cascade of care among people living with HIV in serodiscordant relationships in four high-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focused on the potential sexual transmission of Ebola virus in male survivors, particularly examining the use of favipiravir, an antiviral drug, to treat those with the virus detected in semen.
- - A phase IIa trial was conducted in 2016 with male Ebola survivors, administering high doses of favipiravir, but it faced recruitment challenges and only two participants completed the study.
- - Results indicated that the high doses of favipiravir were well tolerated with minor adverse effects, highlighting the need for further research on its safety and effectiveness for treating severe viral diseases.
Background: Worldwide, COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes have often been sudden and massive. The study investigated the role SARS-CoV-2 virus spread in nearby population plays in introducing the disease in nursing homes.
Material And Methods: This was carried out through modelling the occurrences of first cases in each of 943 nursing homes of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes French Region over the first epidemic wave (March-July, 2020).
Objectives: In Senegal, a national health coverage system named Couverture Medicale Universelle (CMU) has been under development since 2013; its impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses for people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains unknown. Our objective was to assess the impact of the national health coverage system on health expenses for PLHIV by measuring the OOP amount for a routine consultation for various categories of PLHIV, in Dakar and different regions in Senegal, viewed from the patients' perspective.
Design, Setting And Participants: Cross-sectional survey in 2018 and 2019 using a face-to-face questionnaire with PLHIV: 344 adults followed up at Fann Regional Centre for research and training in clinical treatment in Dakar; 60 adult men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2 hospitals in Dakar and 7 facilities in the regions; and 130 children and adolescents (0-19 years) in 16 care facilities in the southern regions.
Article Synopsis
- In October 2020, a study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, aimed to determine the true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population, revealing a much higher level of infection than the officially reported cases.
- The serosurvey involved 1233 participants and found a weighted, age-standardized seroprevalence of 16.6%, with the majority being women and a mean age of 32.4 years.
- The study highlighted an infection-to-case ratio of 292:1, emphasizing the need for ongoing serosurveys to inform public health policies regarding COVID-19 response measures.
Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo raised concerns regarding additional morbidity and mortality. Updating these indicators before a second wave is essential in order to prepare for additional help.
Methods: From mid-May to mid-December 2020, weekly surveys were undertaken in sampled streets from 10 health areas to quantify the use of barrier measures, and interview pedestrians about sickness and deaths in their households.
Background: Longitudinal analyses are needed to better understand long-term Ebola virus disease (EVD) sequelae. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and duration of sequelae and to identify risk factors associated with symptom occurrence among EVD survivors in Guinea.
Methods: We followed 802 EVD survivors over 48 months and recorded clinical symptoms with their start/end dates.
Background: In most health areas, an information system is necessary for an effective fight against COVID-19. Current methods for surveillance of diseases with epidemic potential do not include monitoring the adherence to preventive measures. Furthermore, modern data collection methods depend often on technologies (e.
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- - The study focuses on the serious risks of COVID-19 outbreaks in retirement homes and long-term care facilities for the elderly.
- - It examines the potential effects in France, using specific age demographics and fatality rates related to age.
- - The findings indicate that the death toll from a COVID-19 outbreak could match or significantly surpass the annual deaths from seasonal influenza among those over 65, based on infection rates.
Background: With the increasing frequency and impact of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks illustrated by recent epidemics, a good understanding of the extent of viral persistance or ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection in body fluids from survivors is urgently needed.
Methods: Ebola viral RNA shedding was studied with molecular assays in semen (n = 1368), urine (n = 1875), cervicovaginal fluid (n = 549), saliva (n = 900), breast milk (n = 168), and feces (n = 558) from EVD survivors in Guinea (PostEbogui cohort, n = 802) at a regular base period until 40 months after inclusion.
Results: Twenty-seven of 277 (9.
: Despite substantial progress in antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale up, some people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to present with advanced HIV disease, contributing to ongoing HIV-related morbidity and mortality.: We aimed to quantify population-level estimates of advanced HIV from three high HIV prevalence settings in Sub-Saharan Africa.: Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in (Ndhiwa (Kenya): September-November 2012), (Chiradzulu (Malawi): February-May 2013) and (Eshowe (South Africa): July-October 2013).
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- Buruli ulcer (BU) is an infectious skin disease, and this study investigates its key histopathological features using 4-mm skin punch biopsies in Cameroon from 2011 to 2013.
- The study involved 364 patients with 422 lesions, identifying that out of 99 ulcerated lesions diagnosed as BU, histological analysis confirmed BU in 32, showing specific necrotic patterns and bacterial presence.
- The findings emphasize that punch biopsies are crucial for accurately diagnosing BU and differentiating it from other chronic ulcers, primarily characterized by subcutaneous necrosis and the detection of acid-fast bacilli.
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has been reported to be associated with increased malaria morbidity in Sub-Saharan African children and may affect the pharmacology of antimalarial drugs. This population pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic study included 131 SAM and 266 non-SAM children administered artemether-lumefantrine twice daily for 3 days. Lumefantrine capillary plasma concentrations were adequately described by two transit-absorption compartments followed by two distribution compartments.
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- The study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors related to Ebola virus infection among unvaccinated individuals who had contact with Ebola patients in Guinea between 2016 and 2017.
- Researchers interviewed 1,721 contact persons, excluding 331 vaccinated individuals, resulting in a study group of 1,390, where 216 participants reported symptoms.
- The findings revealed seropositivity rates of 8.33% among symptomatic individuals and 3.32% among asymptomatic ones, with increased risk linked to participation in burial rituals and exposure to bodily fluids.