Neural representations of statistical and rule-based predictions in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a disorder characterised by motor and vocal tics, which may represent habitual actions as a result of enhanced learning of associations between stimuli and responses (S-R). In this study, we investigated how adults with GTS and healthy controls (HC) learn two types of regularities in a sequence: statistics (non-adjacent probabilities) and rules (predefined order). Participants completed a visuomotor sequence learning task while EEG was recorded.

Resting network architecture of theta oscillations reflects hyper-learning of sensorimotor information in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It is associated with enhanced processing of stimulus-response associations, including a higher propensity to learn probabilistic stimulus-response contingencies (i.e.

Lifespan developmental invariance in memory consolidation: evidence from procedural memory.

Characterizing ontogenetic changes across the lifespan is a crucial tool in understanding neurocognitive functions. While age-related changes in learning and memory functions have been extensively characterized in the past decades, the lifespan trajectory of memory consolidation, a critical function that supports the stabilization and long-term retention of memories, is still poorly understood. Here we focus on this fundamental cognitive function and probe the consolidation of procedural memories that underlie cognitive, motor, and social skills and automatic behaviors.

Theta Activity Dynamics during Embedded Response Plan Processing in Tourette Syndrome.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Because motor signs are the defining feature of GTS, addressing the neurophysiology of motor processes is central to understanding GTS. The integration of voluntary motor processes is subject to so-called "binding problems", i.

Deterministic and probabilistic regularities underlying risky choices are acquired in a changing decision context.

Predictions supporting risky decisions could become unreliable when outcome probabilities temporarily change, making adaptation more challenging. Therefore, this study investigated whether sensitivity to the temporal structure in outcome probabilities can develop and remain persistent in a changing decision environment. In a variant of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task with 90 balloons, outcomes (rewards or balloon bursts) were predictable in the task's first and final 30 balloons and unpredictable in the middle 30 balloons.

A Process-Oriented View of Procedural Memory Can Help Better Understand Tourette's Syndrome.

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of tics and the underlying neurobiology of the disorder have suggested that the altered functioning of the procedural memory system might contribute to its etiology. However, contrary to the robust findings of impaired procedural memory in neurodevelopmental disorders of language, results from TS have been somewhat mixed.

Increased scale-free and aperiodic neural activity during sensorimotor integration-a novel facet in Tourette syndrome.

Tourette syndrome is a common neurodevelopmental disorder defined by multiple motor and phonic tics. Tics in Tourette syndrome resemble spontaneously occurring movements in healthy controls and are therefore sometimes difficult to distinguish from these. Tics may in fact be mis-interpreted as a meaningful action, i.

Access to Procedural Memories After One Year: Evidence for Robust Memory Consolidation in Tourette Syndrome.

Tourette syndrome is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. On the neural level, tics are thought to be related to the disturbances of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops, which also play an important role in procedural learning. Several studies have investigated the acquisition of procedural information and the access to established procedural information in TS.

Perception-action integration in young age-A cross-sectional EEG study.

Humans differ in their capacity for integrating perceived events and related actions. The "Theory of event coding" (TEC) conceptualizes how stimuli and actions are cognitively bound into a common functional representation (or "code"), known as the "event file". To date, however, the neural processes underlying the development of event file coding mechanisms across age are largely unclear.

Regularity detection under stress: Faster extraction of probability-based regularities.

Acute stress can crucially influence learning and memory processes. One of the key processes underlying human learning and memory is the ability of our brain to rapidly detect and extract regularities from sensory input across time and space leading to effective predictive processing. Here, we aimed to get an in-depth look into the effect of stress on the acquisition of two aspects of regularity extraction.

Statistical and sequence learning lead to persistent memory in children after a one-year offline period.

Extraction of environmental patterns underlies human learning throughout the lifespan and plays a crucial role not only in cognitive but also perceptual, motor, and social skills. At least two types of regularities contribute to acquiring skills: (1) statistical, probability-based regularities, and (2) serial order-based regularities. Memory performance of probability-based and/or serial order-based regularities over short periods (from minutes to weeks) has been widely investigated across the lifespan.

Adaptation to recent outcomes attenuates the lasting effect of initial experience on risky decisions.

Both primarily and recently encountered information have been shown to influence experience-based risky decision making. The primacy effect predicts that initial experience will influence later choices even if outcome probabilities change and reward is ultimately more or less sparse than primarily experienced. However, it has not been investigated whether extended initial experience would induce a more profound primacy effect upon risky choices than brief experience.

Dissociation between two aspects of procedural learning in Tourette syndrome: Enhanced statistical and impaired sequence learning.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) circuitry and is characterized by motor and vocal tics. Previous studies have found enhancement in procedural memory, which depends on the CBGTC circuitry and plays an important role in the learning and processing of numerous motor, social, and cognitive skills and habits. Based on these studies, procedural hyperfunctioning in TS has been proposed.

Neurophysiology of embedded response plans: age effects in action execution but not in feature integration from preadolescence to adulthood.

Performing a goal-directed movement consists of a chain of complex preparatory mechanisms. Such planning especially requires integration (or binding) of various action features, a process that has been conceptualized in the "theory of event coding." Theoretical considerations and empirical research suggest that these processes are subject to developmental effects from adolescence to adulthood.

[Cognitive advantage in atypical development: enhanced procedural learning in Tourette syndrome].

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by motor and vocal tics and by alterations in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) circuitry. The CBGTC circuitry plays an important role in procedural learning, in the acquisition of skills and habits. Tics and habits are similar phenomenologically since tics can be described as overlearned habits.

Connected to TV series: Quantifying series watching engagement.

Background and aims Television series watching stepped into a new golden age with the appearance of online series. Being highly involved in series could potentially lead to negative outcomes, but the distinction between highly engaged and problematic viewers should be distinguished. As no appropriate measure is available for identifying such differences, a short and valid measure was constructed in a multistudy investigation: the Series Watching Engagement Scale (SWES).