Effects of Benzo(e)pyrene on Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species and Inflammatory Cytokines Induction in Human RPE Cells and Attenuation by Mitochondrial-involved Mechanism.

Purpose: To identify inhibitors that could effectively lower reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), complement and inflammatory cytokine levels induced by Benzo(e)pyrene [B(e)p], an element of cigarette smoke, in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) .

Methods: ARPE-19 cells were treated for 24 hours with 200 μM, 100 μM, and 50 μM B(e)p or DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)-equivalent concentrations. Some cultures were pre-treated with ROS/RNS inhibitors (NG nitro-L-arginine, inhibits nitric oxide synthase; Apocynin, inhibits NADPH oxidase; Rotenone, inhibits mitochondrial complex I; Antimycin A, inhibits mitochondria complex III) and ROS/RNS levels were measured with a fluorescent H DCFDA assay.

Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro.

Aim: To study the effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells.

Materials And Methods: HTM cells were cultured and treated with 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL concentration of TA for 24 h. The cells were treated with both crystalline TA (TA-C) (commercial preparation) and solubilized TA (TA-S).

Effects of dexamethasone on human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro.

Purpose: To study the effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) on human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in vitro.

Methods: HTM cells were treated with Dex 2 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 0.

Evaluation of the toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone sodium phosphate on human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX) on human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3).

Methods: HLE B-3 cells were exposed for 24 h to commercially available TA (c-TA) and dimethylsulfoxide-solubilized TA (s-TA). The cells were treated with 1,000 (clinical dose), 750, 500, 200, and 100 μg/mL concentrations of c-TA, s-TA, and supernatant for 24 h.

The effects of commercially available preservative-free FDA-approved triamcinolone (Triesence®) on retinal cells in culture.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of Triesence® (TRI), a new preservative-free triamcinolone approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for intraocular use, on human retina pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) and rat neurosensory (R28) cells in culture.

Inhibition of apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells treated with benzo(e)pyrene, a toxic component of cigarette smoke.

Purpose: To study the inhibitory effects of some agents or drugs (inhibitors) on benzo(e)pyrene (B(e)P)-induced cell death and apoptosis on human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells in vitro.

Methods: ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of different classes of inhibitors (calpain, benzyl isothiocyanate [BITC], simvastatin, epicatechin, genistein, resveratrol, and memantine) before B(e)P exposure. Cell viability (CV) was determined by a trypan blue dye-exclusion assay.