Preoperative Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma Subtype Prediction with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Tumor Cores and Peritumoral Tissue-A Standardized Multicenter Study.

: The non-invasive identification of glioma subtypes is useful for initial diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI in differentiating subtypes of adult-type diffuse gliomas. : In a prospective multicenter study, standardized MRI was analyzed in 59 patients with adult-type diffuse glioma.

Inferior and Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction.

Obstructions of the superior and inferior vena cava are prevalent etiologies of deep venous obstruction, presenting a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from life-threatening conditions to asymptomatic states. The etiological diversity inherent to these central venous obstructions necessitates a subtle approach to their diagnosis and management. This discrepancy in clinical presentations emphasizes the importance of a differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, tailored to the specific form of vena cava obstruction encountered.

Deep Learning-Based Denoising Enables High-Quality, Fully Diagnostic Neuroradiological Trauma CT at 25% Radiation Dose.

Rationale And Objectives: Traumatic neuroradiological emergencies necessitate rapid and accurate diagnosis, often relying on computed tomography (CT). However, the associated ionizing radiation poses long-term risks. Modern artificial intelligence reconstruction algorithms have shown promise in reducing radiation dose while maintaining image quality.

Glioma Type Prediction with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging-A Standardized Multicenter Study.

The aim was to explore the performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating the molecular subtypes of adult-type gliomas. A multicenter MRI study with standardized imaging protocols, including DCE-MRI and DKI data of 81 patients with WHO grade 2-4 gliomas, was performed at six centers. The DCE-MRI and DKI parameter values were quantitatively evaluated in ROIs in tumor tissue and contralateral normal-appearing white matter.

MRI-Based Assessment of Risk for Stroke in Moyamoya Angiopathy (MARS-MMA): An MRI-Based Scoring System for the Severity of Moyamoya Angiopathy.

Before revascularization, moyamoya patients require hemodynamic evaluation. In this study, we evaluated the scoring system , (PIRAMID). We also devised a new scoring system, (MARS-MMA), and compared the scoring systems with respect to the capability to predict impaired [O]water PET cerebral perfusion reserve capacity (CPR).

Speeding Up and Improving Image Quality in Glioblastoma MRI Protocol by Deep Learning Image Reconstruction.

A fully diagnostic MRI glioma protocol is key to monitoring therapy assessment but is time-consuming and especially challenging in critically ill and uncooperative patients. Artificial intelligence demonstrated promise in reducing scan time and improving image quality simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance, the impact on acquisition acceleration, and the image quality of a deep learning optimized glioma protocol of the brain.

The efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan on stable and active brain metastases in metastatic breast cancer patients-a multicenter real-world analysis.

Background: Fifteen to thirty percent of all patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) develop brain metastases (BCBMs). Recently, the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) have shown to be highly effective in the treatment of MBC. However, there are only limited data whether these macromolecules are also effective in patients with BCBMs.

Case report: Solitary mass of the sciatic nerve confirmed as a primary extranodal manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a geriatric patient.

Background: Neoplastic lesions affecting peripheral nerves are rare in the general population and, most often, are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. However, a minority of lesions represent high-grade malignancies associated with a poor prognosis, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Very rarely, these tumors represent peripheral non-nerve sheath tumors (PNNSTs), such as hematological neoplasms that impair nerve function.

Viabahn stent graft for arterial injury management: safety, technical success, and long-term outcome.

Background: The Viabahn stent graft has emerged as an integral tool for managing vascular diseases, but there is limited long-term data on its performance in emergency endovascular treatment. This study aimed to assess safety, technical success, and long-term efficacy of the Viabahn stent graft in emergency treatment of arterial injury.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single tertiary centre analysis of patients who underwent Viabahn emergency arterial injury treatment between 2015 and 2020.

Reduced versus standard dose contrast volume for contrast-enhanced abdominal CT in overweight and obese patients using photon counting detector technology vs. second-generation dual-source energy integrating detector CT.

Purpose: To compare image quality of contrast-enhanced abdominal-CT using 1st-generation Dual Source Photon-Counting Detector CT (DS-PCD-CT) versus 2nd-generation Dual-Source Energy Integrating-Detector CT (DS-EID-CT) in patients with BMI ≥ 25, applying two different contrast agent volumes, vendor proposed protocols and different virtual monoenergetic images (VMI).

Method: 68 overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kgm) patients (median age: 65 years; median BMI 33.3 kgm) who underwent clinically indicated, portal-venous contrast-enhanced abdominal-CT on a commercially available 1st-generation DS-PCD-CT were prospectively included if they already have had a pre-exam on 2nd-generation DS-EID-CT using a standardized exam protocol.

Deep learning-accelerated image reconstruction in MRI of the orbit to shorten acquisition time and enhance image quality.

Background And Purpose: This study explores the use of deep learning (DL) techniques in MRI of the orbit to enhance imaging. Standard protocols, although detailed, have lengthy acquisition times. We investigate DL-based methods for T2-weighted and T1-weighted, fat-saturated, contrast-enhanced turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences, aiming to improve image quality, reduce acquisition time, minimize artifacts, and enhance diagnostic confidence in orbital imaging.

Impact of Tracer Dose Reduction in [18 F]-Labelled Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography ([18 F]-FDG)-PET) on Texture Features and Histogram Indices: A Study in Homogeneous Tissues of Phantom and Patient.

Background: Histogram indices (HIs) and texture features (TFs) are considered to play an important role in future oncologic PET-imaging and it is unknown how these indices are affected by changes of tracer doses. A randomized undersampling of PET list mode data enables a simulation of tracer dose reduction. We performed a phantom study to compare HIs/TFs of simulated and measured tracer dose reductions and evaluated changes of HIs/TFs in the liver of patients with PETs from simulated reduced tracer doses.

A novel fully automated method for measuring ASPECTS to improve stroke diagnosis: Comparison to traditional ASPECTS.

Background And Purpose: To compare the accuracy of subjective Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (sASPECTS) evaluation and that of an automated prototype software (aASPECTS) on nonenhanced CT (NECT) in patients with early anterior territory stroke and controls using side-to-side quantification of hypoattenuated brain areas.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the NECT scans of 42 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke before reperfusion and 42 controls using first sASPECTS and subsequently aASPECTS. We assessed the differences in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of NECT with CT perfusion, whereas cerebral blood volume (CBV) served as the reference standard for brain infarction.

Quantitative Flow Measurements of Pelvic Venous Vasculature Using 4D Flow MRI.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate 4D Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for quantitative flow measurements of the pelvic venous vasculature.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study of healthy volunteers was performed. After informed consent all subjects underwent 4D flow sequences at a 3 T MRI scanner with different isotropic resolution and different velocity encoding (Venc) settings: (sequence #1) voxel size (VS) 1.

Deep Learning Accelerated Image Reconstruction of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Sequence in Brain Imaging: Reduction of Acquisition Time and Improvement of Image Quality.

Rationale And Objectives: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging is playing an increasingly significant role in the detection of brain metastases with a concomitant increase in the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on image quality and diagnostic confidence of an innovative deep learning-based accelerated FLAIR (FLAIR) sequence of the brain compared to conventional (standard) FLAIR (FLAIR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: Seventy consecutive patients with staging cerebral MRIs were retrospectively enrolled in this single-center study.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathways for Aesthetic Breast Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study on Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: Patients' expectations of an anticipated timeline of recovery and fear of anesthesia in aesthetic breast surgery have not been studied.

Objective: This study aims to assess patient anxiety, expectations, and satisfaction after Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways for aesthetic breast surgery and the progress of postoperative recovery.

Materials And Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent aesthetic breast surgery between April 2021 and August 2022 were included in this single-center prospective cohort study.

Definitions of Abnormal Breast Size and Asymmetry: A Cohort Study of 400 Women.

Background: Macromastia, micromastia and breast asymmetry have an impact on health and quality of life. However, there is scarce information addressing breast size and asymmetry frequency distribution in reference populations.

Objective: The current study aims to identify factors that influence breast size and symmetry and classifies abnormal breast sizes and breast asymmetries in an adult German population.

Is There Still a Role for Two-Phase Contrast-Enhanced CT and Virtual Monoenergetic Images in the Era of Photon-Counting Detector CT?

Background: To compare the diagnostic characteristics between arterial phase imaging versus portal venous phase imaging, applying polychromatic T3D images and low keV virtual monochromatic images using a 1st generation photon-counting CT detector, of CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Consecutive patients with HCC, with a clinical indication for CT imaging, were prospectively enrolled. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) were reconstructed at 40 to 70 keV for the PCD-CT.

Quantification of Facial Fat Compartment Variations: A Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of the Cheek.

Background: Cheek contour is a main determinant of facial attractiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) and cheek fat volume in a large cohort to better understand and treat facial aging.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective review of the archives of the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen.

Prospective intraindividual comparison of a standard 2D TSE MRI protocol for ankle imaging and a deep learning-based 2D TSE MRI protocol with a scan time reduction of 48.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan time remains a limited and valuable resource. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL)-based accelerated TSE study protocol compared to a standard TSE study protocol in ankle MRI.

Material And Methods: Between October 2020 and July 2021 forty-seven patients were enrolled in this study for an intraindividual comparison of a standard TSE study protocol and a DL TSE study protocol either on a 1.

Treatment of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Individual Challenges for Interventional Radiologists and Abdominal Surgeons.

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition resulting from occlusion of the mesenteric arterial vessels. AMI requires immediate treatment with revascularization of the occluded vessels. Purpose: to evaluate the technical success, clinical outcomes and survival of patients receiving endovascular treatment for AMI followed by surgery.

How Real Are Computed Tomography Low Dose Simulations? An Investigational In-Vivo Large Animal Study.

Objectives: CT low-dose simulation methods have gained significant traction in protocol development, as they lack the risk of increased patient exposure. However, in-vivo validations of low-dose simulations are as uncommon as prospective low-dose image acquisition itself. Therefore, we investigated the extent to which simulated low-dose CT datasets resemble their real-dose counterparts.