The good, the bad, and the hazardous: comparative genomic analysis unveils cell wall features in the pathogen Candidozyma auris typical for both baker's yeast and Candida.

The drug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candidozyma auris (formerly named Candida auris) is considered a critical health problem of global importance. As the cell wall plays a crucial role in pathobiology, here we performed a detailed bioinformatic analysis of its biosynthesis in C. auris and related Candidozyma haemuli complex species using Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as references.

Efficacy of the combination of amphotericin B and echinocandins against and in the host model.

Multidrug resistance is a rising problem among non- species, such as . This therapeutic problem has been very important during the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization has included in its global priority list of health-threatening fungi, to study this emerging multidrug-resistant species and to develop effective alternative therapies.

Antimicrobial Peptides with Anti- Activity.

Mycoses are accountable for millions of infections yearly worldwide. Invasive candidiasis is the most usual, presenting a high morbidity and mortality. remains the prevalent etiologic agent, but the incidence of other species such as , and keeps increasing.

and anti- activity of citral in combination with fluconazole.

Background: The ability of to develop biofilms on inert surfaces or living tissues favors recalcitrant and chronic candidiasis associated, in many instances, with resistance to current antifungal therapy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of citral, a phytocompound present in lemongrass essential oil, in monotherapy and combined with fluconazole against azole-resistant planktonic cells and biofilms. The effect of citral combined with fluconazole was also analysed with regard to the expression of fluconazole resistance-associated genes in and the effectiveness of the combination therapy in a model of candidiasis.

Candidiasis by , and in : Virulence and Therapeutic Responses to Echinocandins.

is the major etiological agent of invasive candidiasis but the increasing prevalence of emerging species of , such as and phylogenetically closely related species, and , requires special attention. Differences in virulence among these species and their therapeutic responses using in vivo non-mammalian models are scarcely analysed. The aim of this study was analyse the survival of and host-pathogen interactions during infection by , and .

In vitro activities of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and thymol against Candida biofilms.

Oral candidiasis is frequently associated with Candida biofilms. Biofilms are microbial communities related to persistent, recalcitrant and difficult to-treat infections. Conventional treatments are not sufficient to overcome biofilm-associated candidiasis; thus, the search of new antifungal compounds is necessary.

Virulence of from different clinical origins in and host models.

is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen responsible for nosocomial outbreaks of invasive candidiasis. Although several studies on the pathogenicity of this species have been reported, the knowledge on virulence is still limited. This study aims to analyze the pathogenicity of , using one aggregating isolate and eleven non-aggregating isolates from different clinical origins (blood, urine and oropharyngeal specimens) in two alternative host models of candidiasis: and .

Isolation, host specificity and genetic characterization of Campylobacter specific bacteriophages from poultry and swine sources.

The isolation and characterization of 304 Campylobacter specific bacteriophage isolates from broiler and swine sources is reported in this study. Genome size characterization determined by PFGE classified these isolates,called CAM1-CAM304, within the campylophages group II (n = 18) and group III (n = 286). Host range analyses showed a high host specificity and similar lytic spectrum among isolates of the same group.

Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System To Assess Candida glabrata, , and Virulence and Antifungal Efficacy.

Although remains the major etiological agent of invasive candidiasis, and other emerging species of are increasingly isolated. This species is the second most prevalent cause of candidiasis in many regions of the world. However, clinical isolates of and can be misidentified and are underdiagnosed due to phenotypic traits shared with Little is known about the two cryptic species.

Efficient isolation of Campylobacter bacteriophages from chicken skin, analysis of several isolation protocols.

The application of Campylobacter specific bacteriophages appears as a promising food safety tool for the biocontrol of this pathogen in the poultry meat production chain. However, their isolation is a complicated challenge since their occurrence appears to be low. This work assessed the efficiency of seven protocols for recovering Campylobacter phages from chicken skin samples inoculated at phage loads from 5.

Utility of two PCR-RFLP-based techniques for identification of Candida parapsilosis complex blood isolates.

Background: Candida parapsilosis is the second or third most frequently isolated Candida species related to nosocomial infections, even overtaking Candida albicans in some hospitals. C. parapsilosis constitutes a complex of closely related species: Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis.

Disinfectant Activity of A Portable Ultraviolet C Equipment.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by microorganisms present in common practice instruments generating major health problems in the hospital environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the disinfection capacity of a portable ultraviolet C equipment (UV Sanitizer Corvent -UVSC-) developed to disinfect different objects. For this purpose, six pathogens causing HAIs: , , , , and , were inoculated on slides and discs of different biomaterials (borosilicate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, silicone, Teflon and titanium) and exposed to ultraviolet C radiation.

Corrigendum: Antifungal Activity of the Human Uterine Cervical Stem Cells Conditioned Medium (hUCESC-CM) Against and Other Medically Relevant Species of .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

The continuous changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: from familiar Candida albicans to multiresistant Candida auris.

Recent changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis have serious implications for current and future diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The aim of the current review was to discuss the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis, the distribution of Candida species in different regions of the world, the medical concerns of the changing aetiology and the emergence of antifungal resistance. Overall burden of invasive candidiasis remains high, especially in vulnerable persons, such as the elderly, immunosuppressed or debilitated patients.

Antifungal Activity of the Human Uterine Cervical Stem Cells Conditioned Medium (hUCESC-CM) Against and Other Medically Relevant Species of .

Candidiasis is a major cause of human morbidity and mortality. Human uterine cervical stem cells conditioned medium (hUCESC-CM) is obtained from stromal stem cells of the cervical transformation zone, which are in permanent contact with a wide array of potential vaginal pathogens. In previous reports we have found that hUCESC-CM has antitumor and antibacterial potential.

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species in oral candidiasis.

Objective: To evaluate the importance of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species, Candida bracarensis, Candida nivariensis, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis in patients with oral candidiasis and, to determine the in vitro activities of antifungal drugs currently used for the treatment.

Methods: One hundred fourteen isolates of C. glabrata and 97 of C.

Project-based learning methodology in the area of microbiology applied to undergraduate medical research.

In the recent years, there has been a decrease in the number of medical professionals dedicated to a research career. There is evidence that students with a research experience during their training acquire knowledge and skills that increase the probability of getting involved in research more successfully. In the Degree of Medicine (University of the Basque Country) the annual core subject 'Research Project' introduces students to research.

GqqA, a novel protein in Komagataeibacter europaeus involved in bacterial quorum quenching and cellulose formation.

Background: We report on the functional screening and identification of an active quorum quenching (QQ) gene in the Komagataeibacter europaeus strain CECT 8546, which is a member of the acetic acid bacteria (AAB).

Results: Using a previously published screening protocol (Schipper et al., in Appl Environ Microbiol 75:224-233, 2009.

Draft Genome Sequence of Komagataeibacter europaeus CECT 8546, a Cellulose-Producing Strain of Vinegar Elaborated by the Traditional Method.

The present article reports the draft genome sequence of the strain Komagataeibacter europaeus CECT 8546, an acetic acid bacterium characterized by its ability to overproduce cellulose. This species is highly resistant to acetic acid and commonly found during vinegar elaboration.

Acetic acid bacteria from biofilm of strawberry vinegar visualized by microscopy and detected by complementing culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques.

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) usually develop biofilm on the air-liquid interface of the vinegar elaborated by traditional method. This is the first study in which the AAB microbiota present in a biofilm of vinegar obtained by traditional method was detected by pyrosequencing. Direct genomic DNA extraction from biofilm was set up to obtain suitable quality of DNA to apply in culture-independent molecular techniques.

Cellulose production and cellulose synthase gene detection in acetic acid bacteria.

The ability of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to produce cellulose has gained much industrial interest due to the physical and chemical characteristics of bacterial cellulose. The production of cellulose occurs in the presence of oxygen and in a glucose-containing medium, but it can also occur during vinegar elaboration by the traditional method. The vinegar biofilm produced by AAB on the air-liquid interface is primarily composed of cellulose and maintains the cells in close contact with oxygen.

Acetobacter malorum and Acetobacter cerevisiae identification and quantification by Real-Time PCR with TaqMan-MGB probes.

The identification and quantification of Acetobacter malorum and Acetobacter cerevisiae in wine and vinegar were performed using the Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) with two TaqMan-MGB probes designed to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region between the 16S-23S rRNA genes. The primers and probes were highly specific, with a detection limit of 10² cells/ml for both species, and the efficiency of the technique was >80%. The RT-PCR technique with these two new TaqMan-MGB probes, together with the five (Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Gluconobacter oxydans, Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Gluconacetobacter europaeus) that are already available (Torija et al.

Diversity of acetic acid bacteria present in healthy grapes from the Canary Islands.

The identification of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) from sound grapes from the Canary Islands is reported in the present study. No direct recovery of bacteria was possible in the most commonly used medium, so microvinifications were performed on grapes from Tenerife, La Palma and Lanzarote islands. Up to 396 AAB were isolated from those microvinifications and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Population dynamics of acetic acid bacteria during traditional wine vinegar production.

The population dynamics of acetic acid bacteria in traditional vinegar production was determined in two independent vinegar plants at both the species and strain level. The effect of barrels made of four different woods upon the population dynamics was also determined. Acetic acid bacteria were isolated on solid media and the species were identified by RFLP-PCR of 16S rRNA genes and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while strains were typed by ERIC-PCR and (GTG)(5)-rep-PCR.

Characterisation of levofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes in Bilbao, Spain.

The resistance mechanisms and clonal relationship were determined for two Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with high-level resistance to levofloxacin as well as to other fluoroquinolones. DNA amplification and sequencing revealed a serine-81-->phenylalanine substitution in GyrA and a double substitution in ParC of serine-79-->phenylalanine and aspartic acid-91-->asparagine. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and emm typing determined that both isolates were emm type 28 and were genetically indistinguishable.