A communication procedure between community pharmacists and primary care professionals resolves medication errors and other administrative issues.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a communication procedure, with agreed-upon protocols, to resolve daily medication errors and other administrative issues that require communication between community pharmacists (CPs) and primary healthcare professionals (PHCPs).

Methods: A 6-month pilot study followed by a year-length principal study was carried out in the Donostialdea Integrated Healthcare Organisation (IHO). Afterwards, the project was extended to other IHOs.

The medication discrepancy detection service: A cost-effective multidisciplinary clinical approach.

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of a Medication Discrepancy Detection Service (MDDS), a collaborative service between the community pharmacy and Primary Care.

Design: Non-controlled before-and-after study.

Setting: Bidasoa Integrated Healthcare Organisation, Gipuzkoa, Spain.

Community pharmacist interventions to improve adherence to lipid lowering medication and their influence on clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Non-adherence is a major problem among patients with chronic diseases. Community pharmacists are ideally positioned to detect non-adherence and to provide patient-centred interventions.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the impact of community pharmacist interventions on patient adherence to lipid lowering medication (LLM) prescriptions and clinical outcomes.

Effect of health professional intervention on adherence to statin use according to the cause of patient non-adherence.

Background Non-adherence is a problem that particularly affects those with chronic diseases. Studying causes for not following the treatment is necessary to choose the best intervention to improve non-adherence. Objective Analyze how the intentionality of non-adherence modulates the effects of professional intervention in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Tailored interventions by community pharmacists and general practitioners improve adherence to statins in a Spanish randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of health professionals' intervention on adherence to statins, the influence on total cholesterol levels, and lifestyle patterns in patients with hypercholesterolemia and analyze the differences according to the center of recruitment.

Study Setting: Forty-six community pharmacies and 50 primary care centers of Spain.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial design (n = 746).

Defining and characterising age-friendly community pharmacies: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The Global Network of Age-friendly Cities is a project promoted by the World Health Organization as a response to demographic ageing and urbanization process. San Sebastian, Spain, is one of these Age-friendly Cities and community pharmacies of the city joined the initiative.

Objective: To define and implement the Age-friendly Pharmacy concept to promote active ageing, optimize the contribution of community pharmacies of San Sebastian to the friendliness of the city and to the improvement of quality of life of the ageing population.

Cost analysis and cost-benefit analysis of a medication review with follow-up service in aged polypharmacy patients.

Background: Drug related problems have a significant clinical and economic burden on patients and the healthcare system. Medication review with follow-up (MRF) is a professional pharmacy service aimed at improving patient's health outcomes through an optimization of the medication.

Objective: To ascertain the economic impact of the MRF service provided in community pharmacies to aged polypharmacy patients comparing MRF with usual care, by undertaking a cost analysis and a cost-benefit analysis.

Association of lifestyle, inflammatory factors, and dietary patterns with the risk of suffering a stroke: A case-control study.

Background: Lifestyle, including dietary patterns, could involve specific factors participating in inflammation that confer a higher risk of suffering a stroke. However, little attention has been apparently given to habitual food consumption in patients suffering a cerebrovascular event.

Objective: To assess the influence of dietary habits as well as other lifestyle-related variables on the risk of suffering a stroke.

Evaluation of the implementation process and outcomes of a professional pharmacy service in a community pharmacy setting. A case report.

Pharmacist-led medication review services are recognized as a key to medicines management. This case study describes the implementation process of a medication review with follow-up service in a community pharmacy setting and evaluates its initial outcomes. An implementation-effectiveness hybrid study was undertaken in a community pharmacy setting.

The impact of a medication review with follow-up service on hospital admissions in aged polypharmacy patients.

Aims: The aims were to assess the impact of a medication review with follow-up (MRF) service provided in community pharmacy to aged polypharmacy patients on the number of medication-related hospital admissions and to estimate the effect on hospital costs.

Methods: This was a sub-analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trials carried out in 178 community pharmacies in Spain. Pharmacies in the intervention group (IG) provided a comprehensive medication review during 6 months.

Epigenetic Changes in the Methylation Patterns of KCNQ1 and WT1 after a Weight Loss Intervention Program in Obese Stroke Patients.

Ischemic stroke patients often show high concentrations of circulating inflammatory markers that are associated with increased risk of recurrence. Epigenetic mechanisms could be involved in obesity, inflammation and stroke. The objective of this research was to investigate, in obese patients suffering a previous stroke, the effects of a nutritional program on anthropometric and biochemical variables, and on the methylation patterns of two stroke-related genes (KCNQ1: potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 1; and WT1: Wilms tumor 1).

Obesity and ischemic stroke modulate the methylation levels of KCNQ1 in white blood cells.

Obesity and stroke are multifactorial diseases in which genetic, epigenetic and lifestyle factors are involved. The research aims were, first, the description of genes with differential epigenetic regulation obtained by an 'omics' approach in patients with ischemic stroke and, second, to determine the importance of some regions of these selected genes in biological processes depending on the body mass index. A case-control study using two populations was designed.

Association between different obesity measures and the risk of stroke in the EPIC Spanish cohort.

Introduction: There is still a scientific debate on the exact role played by obesity on stroke risk.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the association between obesity, measured by different indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and a new one called A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and the risk of total and ischemic stroke.

Subjects/methods: A total of 41,020 subjects (15,490 men and 25,530 women) aged 29-69 years participated in the study.

Association of weight regain with specific methylation levels in the NPY and POMC promoters in leukocytes of obese men: a translational study.

Specific methylation of appetite-related genes in leukocytes could serve as a useful biomarker to predict weight regain after an energy restriction program. We aimed to evaluate whether the pre-intervention DNA methylation patterns involved in the epigenetic control of appetite-regulatory genes in leukocytes are associated with the weight regain process. Eighteen men who lost ≥5% of body weight after an 8-week nutritional intervention were categorized as "regainers" (≥10% weight regain) and "non-regainers" (<10% weight regain) 32weeks after stopping dieting.

Expression of proinflammatory factors in renal cortex induced by methylmalonic acid.

Background: Methylmalonic aciduria is an inborn error of metabolism that causes renal failure and tubulointerstitial (TI) nephritis as complications. This study aimed to examine the levels of expression of several genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in the renal cortex of rats receiving methylmalonic acid (MMA).

Methods: Rats received MMA subcutaneously for a month.

HLA-DRB1*15:01 and multiple sclerosis: a female association?

Background: The association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotype has been proven to be strong, but its molecular basis remains unclear. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants and sex have been proposed to modulate this association.

Objectives: 1) Test the association of MS with *15:01 and VDR variants; 2) check whether VDR variants and/or sex modulate the risk conferred by *15:01; 3) study whether *15:01, VDR variants and/or sex affect HLA II gene expression.

Olfactory deficits and cardiac 123I-MIBG in Parkinson's disease related to the LRRK2 R1441G and G2019S mutations.

It has been proposed that olfactory tests and metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy may help diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease in the premotor phase. However, it is not clear what value these tests have in all patients with Parkinson's disease and, particularly, in those who carry mutations in LRRK2. The objective was to analyze olfactory dysfunction and the changes in cardiac I-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in patients with Parkinson's disease carrying the R1441G and G2019S mutations in LRRK2, and in patients with Parkinson's disease with no known mutations.

Effects of different protein content and glycaemic index of ad libitum diets on diabetes risk factors in overweight adults: the DIOGenes multicentre, randomized, dietary intervention trial.

Background: Dietary regimens providing different levels of protein and glycemic index (GI) foods when prescribed for weight management may also influence insulin sensitivity.

Procedures And Outcomes: Overweight/obese adults in 8 European countries who lost ≥ 8% of initial body-weight (BW) after following a low calorie diet (LCD) were later randomly assigned with a 2x2 factorial design into 4 ad libitum dietary groups with two different protein content levels and dissimilar glycemic index, which were compared to a healthy reference diet. Specific markers assessing insulin resistance were measured.

Leptin and TNF-alpha promoter methylation levels measured by MSP could predict the response to a low-calorie diet.

Obesity-associated adipose tissue enlargement is characterized by an enhanced proinflammatory status and an elevated secretion of adipokines such as leptin and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Among the different mechanisms that could underlie the interindividual differences in obesity, epigenetic regulation of gene expression has emerged as a potentially important determinant. Therefore, 27 obese women (age, 32-50 years; baseline body mass index, 34.

A dual epigenomic approach for the search of obesity biomarkers: DNA methylation in relation to diet-induced weight loss.

Epigenetics could help to explain individual differences in weight loss after an energy-restriction intervention. Here, we identify novel potential epigenetic biomarkers of weight loss, comparing DNA methylation patterns of high and low responders to a hypocaloric diet. Twenty-five overweight or obese men participated in an 8-wk caloric restriction intervention.

Weight regain after a diet-induced loss is predicted by higher baseline leptin and lower ghrelin plasma levels.

Context: Appetite-related hormones may play an important role in weight regain after obesity therapy.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the potential involvement of ghrelin, leptin, and insulin plasma levels in weight regain after a therapeutic hypocaloric diet.

Design: A group of obese/overweight volunteers (49 women and 55 men; 35 ± 7 yr; 30.