Correlation Between Medical School Performance and Receiving Awards in General Surgery Residency.

Importance: It is uncertain whether current measures of achievement during medical school predict exceptional performance during surgical residency. One surrogate of excellence during residency may be awards, especially those given for teaching and annual overall accomplishment.

Objective: Determine whether markers of superior performance during medical school documented in the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application and student record correlated with receiving awards during residency.

Scanning the aged to minimize missed injury: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study.

Background: Despite the high incidence of blunt trauma in older adults, there is a lack of evidence-based guidance for computed tomography (CT) imaging in this population. We aimed to identify an algorithm to guide use of a pan-scan (head/cervical spine [C-spine]/torso) or a selective scan (head/C-spine ± torso). We hypothesized that a patient's initial history and examination could be used to guide imaging.

Association of Residency Applicants' Hobbies and Subsequent Technical Proficiency Ratings as General Surgery Chief Residents: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objective: To determine whether participation in certain hobbies (e.g., participation in sports, playing musical instruments, or other hobbies requiring fine motor skills), preresidency, are associated with higher technical skills ratings at the time of residency graduation.

ROBOtic Care Outcomes Project for acute gallbladder pathology.

Background: Robotic cholecystectomy is being increasingly used for patients with acute gallbladder disease who present to the emergency department, but clinical evidence is limited. We aimed to compare the outcomes of emergent laparoscopic and robotic cholecystectomies in a large real-world database.

Methods: Patients who received emergent laparoscopic or robotic cholecystectomies from 2020 to 2022 were identified from the Intuitive Custom Hospital Analytics database, based on deidentified extraction of electronic health record data from US hospitals.

A Medium-Term Comparison of Quality of Life and Pain After Robotic or Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Introduction: We sought to compare medium-term outcomes between robotic-assisted cholecystectomy (RC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using validated quality of life (QoL) and pain assessments.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent RC or LC between 2012 and 2017 at a single academic institution were examined. Cases converted to open were excluded.

Prospective Assessment of Social Determinants of Health and Length of Stay Among Emergency General Surgery and Trauma Patients.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) including insurance and substance use affect 50-90% of health outcomes, yet there remains no standard means to quantify or predict their impact. We prospectively evaluated the effects of SDOH on length of stay (LOS) and readmissions among emergency general surgery (EGS) and trauma patients. We compared these outcomes with Medicare Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) data to better quantify the impact of SDOH.

Data-driven electrolyte design for lithium metal anodes.

Improving Coulombic efficiency (CE) is key to the adoption of high energy density lithium metal batteries. Liquid electrolyte engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for improving the CE of lithium metal batteries, but its complexity renders the performance prediction and design of electrolytes challenging. Here, we develop machine learning (ML) models that assist and accelerate the design of high-performance electrolytes.

Predictors of surgical site infection in glioblastoma patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection.

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) burden patients and healthcare systems, often requiring additional intervention. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between preoperative predictors inclusive of scalp incision type and postoperative SSI following glioblastoma resection.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed cases of glioblastoma resection performed at their institution from December 2006 to December 2019 and noted preoperative demographic and clinical presentations, excluding patients missing these data.

Characteristics Associated With Outstanding General Surgery Residency Graduate Performance, as Rated by Surgical Educators.

Importance: Characteristics of outstanding graduating surgical residents are currently undefined. Identifying these qualities may be important in guiding resident selection and resident education.

Objective: To determine characteristics that are most strongly associated with being rated as an outstanding graduating surgical resident.

Predicting High-Value Care Outcomes After Surgery for Non-Skull Base Meningiomas.

Objective: A need exists to better understand the prognostic factors that influence high-value care outcomes after meningioma surgery. The goal of the present study was to develop predictive models to determine the patients at risk of experiencing an extended hospital length of stay (LOS), nonroutine discharge disposition, and/or a 90-day hospital readmission after non-skull base meningioma resection.

Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the data from 396 patients who had undergone surgical resection of non-skull base meningiomas at a single institution between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2020.

The role of anticoagulation for superior sagittal sinus thrombosis following craniotomy for resection of parasagittal/parafalcine meningiomas.

Objective: The safety and efficacy of anticoagulation in managing superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis remains unclear. The present study investigated the relationship between anticoagulation and cerebrovascular complications in parasagittal/parafalcine meningioma patients presenting with post-surgical SSS thrombosis.

Methods: We analyzed 266 patients treated at a single institution between 2005 and 2020.

A survey study examining the motivations, concerns, and perspectives of medical students engaging in neurosurgical research.

Background: In a competitive landscape for neurosurgical residency admission, research productivity is increasingly important. Medical school applicants to neurosurgery report high numbers of "scholarly products" as published by the National Residency Match Program. Despite increased student involvement in research and productivity, to the best of our knowledge, no previous reported studies have examined student perspectives on their involvement in neurosurgical research.

Cumulative summation analysis of learning curve for robotic-assisted hiatal hernia repairs.

Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) is evolving as an important surgical approach in the field of general surgery. We aimed to evaluate the learning curve for RALS procedures involving repair of hiatal hernias.

Methods: A series of robotic-assisted hiatal hernia (HH) repairs were performed between 2013 and 2017 by a surgeon at a single institution.

Air-Filtering Masks for Respiratory Protection from PM and Pandemic Pathogens.

Air-filtering masks, also known as respirators, protect wearers from inhaling fine particulate matter (PM) in polluted air, as well as airborne pathogens during a pandemic, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Fibrous medium, used as the filtration layer, is the most essential component of an air-filtering mask. This article presents an overview of the development of fibrous media for air filtration.

Observational study on wearable biosensors and machine learning-based remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients.

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may deteriorate rapidly and therefore continuous monitoring is necessary. We conducted an observational study involving patients with mild COVID-19 to explore the potentials of wearable biosensors and machine learning-based analysis of physiology parameters to detect clinical deterioration. Thirty-four patients (median age: 32 years; male: 52.

Predictors of Mortality in Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: A National Trauma Data Bank Study.

Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) accounts for significant trauma morbidity and mortality. Several studies have developed prognostic models for tICH outcomes, but previous models face limitations, including poor generalizability and limited accuracy. The objective was to develop a prognostic model and determine predictors of mortality using the largest trauma database in the U.

Overlapping attentional networks yield divergent behavioral predictions across tasks: Neuromarkers for diffuse and focused attention?

Attention is a critical cognitive function, allowing humans to select, enhance, and sustain focus on information of behavioral relevance. Attention contains dissociable neural and psychological components. Nevertheless, some brain networks support multiple attentional functions.

Vocal threat enhances visual perception as a function of attention and sex.

This pre-registered event-related potential study explored how vocal emotions shape visual perception as a function of attention and listener sex. Visual task displays occurred in silence or with a neutral or an angry voice. Voices were task-irrelevant in a single-task block, but had to be categorized by speaker sex in a dual-task block.

CBP/p300 Drives the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells through Transcriptional and Non-Transcriptional Mechanisms.

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are immunosuppressive and negatively impact response to cancer immunotherapies. CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are closely related acetyltransferases and transcriptional coactivators. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms by which CBP/p300 regulate Treg differentiation and the consequences of loss-of-function mutations in follicular lymphoma.

Reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects alters microvascular tissue oxygenation during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia.

New Findings: What is the central question of the study? Are measures of reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects correlated with near-infrared spectroscopy-derived microvascular responsiveness [tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion rate (STO upslope)] during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia? What is the main finding and its importance? A sevenfold range of hepatic insulin sensitivity is significantly correlated (r = 0.44, P = 0.02) with STO upslope after transient tissue ischaemia.

Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage.

Tissue fibrosis is a major cause of mortality that results from the deposition of matrix proteins by an activated mesenchyme. Macrophages accumulate in fibrosis, but the role of specific subgroups in supporting fibrogenesis has not been investigated in vivo. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the heterogeneity of macrophages in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice.