Impact of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis over the past decade.

Objective: This is a study on the demographics and clinical outcomes including the response to therapy of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) over the past decade.

Materials And Methods: All histologically proven FSGS cases diagnosed between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed for their clinical, laboratory, and histological characteristics including treatment that could influence the disease progression and renal outcome of these patients. We used the Columbia Classification for FSGS for the renal biopsy.

Evolution of IgA nephropathy in Singapore over four decades and a comparison of two cohorts from the first and fourth decade.

Objective: In this study, we trace the changes in the clinical and histological pattern of IgA nephritis (IgAN) in Singapore as it has evolved over 4 decades and compare the clinical, demographic, histological, and renal outcome of patients with IgAN from the 1 decade and the 4 decade.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of all histologically proven IgAN diagnosed between 1976 and 2018. Clinical, laboratory, and histological characteristics between the 1 and the 4 decade, including treatment which could influence the disease progression and renal outcome of these two groups, were compared.

The Value of Renal Biopsy in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Singapore over the Past Two Decades.

Objective: This study on the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and coexistence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in a cohort of 255 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients aims to determine the value of performing renal biopsies in these patients and elucidate the factors which could affect their progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods: Among 255 NIDDM patients, 93 had DN alone, 69 had NDRD alone, and the remaining 93 had DN plus NDRD (mixed group). The indications for renal biopsy were based on clinical suspicion of superimposed NDRD, including heavy or rapidly increasing proteinuria, renal impairment even though diabetes is of relatively short duration, rapidly declining renal function, and presence of hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells suggesting presence of glomerulonephritis.

A Global Evolutionary Trend of the Frequency of Primary Glomerulonephritis over the Past Four Decades.

Objective: The pattern of glomerulonephritis (GN) in Singapore is compared with that of 19 other countries to review changing trends in the evolution of GN in Asian, Eastern, and Western countries.

Method: Three thousand two hundred and eighty-nine renal biopsies in Singapore were reviewed and compared with that of 19 other countries.

Results: IgA nephritis is on the decline in many countries, including Singapore, though it still remains the commonest GN in Singapore.

Ipsilateral stroke in a patient with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis and a subcortical infarct.

Background And Purpose: horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare congenital disorder caused by mutation in the ROBO3 gene. It is characterized by absent horizontal eye movements with progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. To our knowledge, both diffusion tensor imaging evaluation in HGPPS patients who present with stroke and truncating stop codon mutation in the ROBO3 gene have yet to be reported.