Neurochemical mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for depression in animal models.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression, but its actual efficacy and mechanisms of action are still unclear. Changes in neurochemical transmission are important mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. Here, we review the preclinical DBS literature reporting behavioural and neurochemical data associated with its antidepressant-like effects.

Serotonin 5-HT receptors mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of social defeat.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions.

A systematic review on neuromodulation therapies for reducing body weight in patients with obesity.

The global prevalence of obesity increases yearly along with a rising demand for efficacious, safe, and accessible treatments. Neuromodulation interventions (i.e.