Electrification of a Milstein-type catalyst for alcohol reformation.

Novel energy and atom efficiency processes will be keys to develop the sustainable chemical industry of the future. Electrification could play an important role, by allowing to fine-tune energy input and using the ideal redox agent: the electron. Here we demonstrate that a commercially available Milstein ruthenium catalyst (1) can be used to promote the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to ethyl acetate and acetate, thus demonstrating the four electron oxidation under preparative conditions.

Effect of citrulline on muscle protein turnover in an in vitro model of muscle catabolism.

Objective: Muscle net catabolism, as seen after severe trauma or sepsis or in postoperative situations, is mediated by hormones (e.g., cortisol) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.

Citrulline decreases hepatic endotoxin-induced injury in fructose-induced non-alcoholic liver disease: an ex vivo study in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Steatosis can sensitise the liver to various challenges and favour the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this context, fructose feeding promotes endotoxin translocation from the gut, contributing to disease progression via an inflammatory process. Citrulline is protective against fructose-induced NAFLD; we hypothesised that this property might be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative action against endotoxin-induced hepatic injuries.

Preventive effects of citrulline on Western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.

A Western diet induces insulin resistance, liver steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)) and intestinal dysbiosis, leading to increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation, thus contributing to the progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In the present study, we sought, in a model of Western diet-induced NAFLD, to determine whether citrulline (Cit), an amino acid that regulates protein and energy metabolism, could decrease Western diet-induced liver injuries, as well as the mechanisms involved. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (45 %) and fructose (30 %) in drinking water or a control diet associated with water (group C) for 8 weeks.

Citrulline and Nonessential Amino Acids Prevent Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats.

Background: Fructose induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Citrulline (Cit) may exert a beneficial effect on steatosis.

Objective: We compared the effects of Cit and an isonitrogenous mixture of nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) on fructose-induced NAFLD.

Effect of specific amino acids on hepatic lipid metabolism in fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aim: Fructose diets have been shown to induce insulin resistance and to alter liver metabolism and gut barrier function, ultimately leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Citrulline, Glutamine and Arginine may improve insulin sensitivity and have beneficial effects on gut trophicity. Our aim was to evaluate their effects on liver and gut functions in a rat model of fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Penetration of resveratrol into bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC): a possible passive diffusion.

Several studies have demonstrated that, in a context of oxidative stress, resveratrol, a polyphenol found in wine, could act as a protective agent on endothelial cells by various mechanisms but without showing that it could penetrate inside the cell. The aim of this study was to detect for the first time resveratrol inside bovine endothelial aortic cells and to determine which kind of transport mechanism was involved. Intracellular and membrane concentrations of resveratrol have been measured by high performance liquid chromatography after incubation of several concentrations of resveratrol with endothelial cells for 24h.