Prone to Stones?: Evaluating the association between food insecurity, psychiatric comorbidity, and pediatric stone management.

Introduction: Pediatric stone disease incidence has increased steadily over the last few decades. Several interrelated factors have been proposed to contribute to these epidemiologic trends including increased ambient temperature, body habitus, and food insecurity.

Objective: Given the significant cohort of children living with food insecurity in the United States, the aim of this study is to explore the relationship between food desert residence and obstructing stone disease resulting in surgical intervention in a cohort of pediatric patients.

Factors associated with the use of psychedelics, ketamine and MDMA among sexual and gender minority youths in Canada: a machine learning analysis.

Background: Substance use is increasing among sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY). This increase may be due to changes in social norms and socialisation, or due to SGMY exploring the potential therapeutic value of drugs such as psychedelics. We identified predictors of psychedelics, MDMA and ketamine use.

Complications of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin induction immunosuppression in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Kidney transplantation in HIV-infected individuals with end-stage kidney disease is associated with improved survival compared to dialysis. Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients has been associated with a lower risk of acute rejection, but data on the rates of malignancy and BK viremia in these patients is lacking.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of adult HIV-infected individuals who underwent kidney transplantation with rATG induction between January 2006 and December 2016.

Investigating How Preregistrant Pharmacists Respond in Job Interviews.

Objective: To investigate what competencies and attributes preregistrant pharmacists draw upon in job interviews.

Methods: We used a virtual mock job interview assessment asking preregistrant pharmacists to apply for an entry-level pharmacist position. Data were analyzed using a team-based framework analysis using an inductive and deductive approach and mapping responses to the National Competency Standards.

Prescribing patterns of fall risk-increasing drugs in older adults hospitalized for heart failure.

Background: Older adults hospitalized for heart failure (HF) are at risk for falls after discharge. One modifiable contributor to falls is fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). However, the prevalence of FRIDs among older adults hospitalized for HF is unknown.

A 20-Year Study of Capsular Polysaccharide Seroepidemiology, Susceptibility Profiles, and Virulence Determinants of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Bacteremia Patients in Taiwan.

In this study, we selected bacteremic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance program. A total of 521 isolates were collected over a period of 2 decades, including 121 from 1998, 197 from 2008, and 203 from 2018. Seroepidemiology showed that the top five capsular polysaccharide types were serotypes K1, K2, K20, K54, and K62, constituting 48.

Home Milrinone in Pediatric Hospice Care of Children with Heart Failure.

Context: The symptom profile of children dying from cardiac disease, especially heart failure, differs from those with cancer and other non-cardiac conditions. Treatment with vasoactive infusions at home may be a superior therapy for symptom control for these patients, rather than traditional pain and anxiety management with morphine and benzodiazepines.

Objectives: We report our experience using outpatient milrinone in children receiving hospice care for end-stage heart failure.

Clostridium difficile: What is the risk?

Introduction: Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) are rising among pediatric patients in the community and hospital setting. Children undergoing transplants and bowel surgery are at a higher risk, while renal surgery has a lower risk. We hypothesize children undergoing pediatric urologic procedures are uncommonly diagnosed with postoperative CDI.

Subcutaneous Treprostinil Improves Surgical Candidacy for Next Stage Palliation in Single Ventricle Patients With High-Risk Hemodynamics.

Single ventricle (SV) patients with pulmonary vascular disease (SV-PVD) are considered poor surgical candidates for Glenn or Fontan palliation. Given limited options for Stage 1 (S1) and Stage 2 (S2) SV patients with SV-PVD, we report on the use of subcutaneous treprostinil (TRE) to treat SV-PVD in this population. This single-center, retrospective cohort study examined SV patients who were not candidates for subsequent surgical palliation due to SV-PVD and were treated with TRE.

Accuracy of medication histories derived from an Australian cloud-based repository of prescribed and dispensed medication records.

Background: Obtaining accurate medication histories at transitions of care is challenging, but important for patient safety. Prescription exchange services (PES) securely transfer electronic prescription and dispensing records between prescribers and pharmacies, which is potentially useful data for determining medication histories.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of PES-derived medication histories.

Cross-protection induced by highly conserved outer membrane proteins (Omps) in mice immunized with OmpC of Salmonella Typhi or OmpK36 of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background/purpose: Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are a family of proteins that are highly conserved throughout the evolution of Enterobacteriaceae. Previous studies using sequence comparisons have found a high degree of sequence homology between OmpK36 of Klebsiella pneumoniae and OmpC of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Whether highly conserved OmpC can be directly extrapolated as a common vaccine candidate against K.

Respiratory and nonrespiratory COVID-19 complications in patients with obesity: recent developments.

This narrative review summarizes recent reports to provide an updated understanding of the multiorgan effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese individuals. A PubMed search of 528 primary articles was performed, with inclusion based on novelty, relevance and redundancy. Obesity confers an increased risk for hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, severe pneumonia, intubation and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients.

Syndromic Wilms tumor: a review of predisposing conditions, surveillance and treatment.

Predisposing syndromes associated with an increased risk of Wilms tumor (WT) are responsible for 9-17% of all cases of the malignancy. Due to an earlier age at WT diagnosis and an increased incidence of bilateral and metachronous disease, management of syndromic WT warrants a distinct approach from that of non-syndromic WT. This review of English-language manuscripts about WT focuses on the most common syndromes, surveillance protocols and current treatment strategies.

Increased canonical NF-kappaB signaling specifically in macrophages is sufficient to limit tumor progression in syngeneic murine models of ovarian cancer.

Background: New treatment options for ovarian cancer are urgently required. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an attractive target for therapy; repolarizing TAMs from M2 (pro-tumor) to M1 (anti-tumor) phenotypes represents an important therapeutic goal. We have previously shown that upregulated NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages promotes M1 polarization, but effects in the context of ovarian cancer are unknown.

Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers heterogenous transcriptional signatures in macrophages during efferocytosis.

Efferocytosis triggers cellular reprogramming, including the induction of mRNA transcripts which encode anti-inflammatory cytokines that promote inflammation resolution. Our current understanding of this transcriptional response is largely informed from analysis of bulk phagocyte populations; however, this precludes the resolution of heterogeneity between individual macrophages and macrophage subsets. Moreover, phagocytes may contain so called "passenger" transcripts that originate from engulfed apoptotic bodies, thus obscuring the true transcriptional reprogramming of the phagocyte.

Profiling Nephropathy Risk Variants in Genome-Edited Kidney Organoids with Single-Cell Transcriptomics.

Background: DNA variants in associate with kidney disease, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Model organisms lack the gene, limiting the degree to which disease states can be recapitulated. Here we present single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of genome-edited human kidney organoids as a platform for profiling effects of risk variants in diverse nephron cell types.

Treprostinil improves hemodynamics and symptoms in children with mild pulmonary hypertension awaiting heart transplantation.

Background: Treprostinil, a prostacyclin analog, is a safe and effective therapy for children with PAH; however, the use of this agent in children with mild PVR elevations related to HF, including those with SV congenital heart disease awaiting HT, is understudied. We describe the hemodynamic and symptomatic changes in pediatric patients awaiting HT treated with treprostinil.

Methods: Single-center retrospective review of all patients was listed for HT who received treprostinil during the listing period.

The epigenetic reader Brd4 is required for osteoblast differentiation.

Transcription networks and epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs control lineage commitment of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells. Proteins that read, write, and erase histone tail modifications curate and interpret the highly intricate histone code. Epigenetic reader proteins that recognize and bind histone marks provide a crucial link between histone modifications and their downstream biological effects.

Immunometabolism of Phagocytes and Relationships to Cardiac Repair.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the case of acute myocardial infarction, subsequent cardiac repair relies upon the acute, and coordinated response to injury by innate myeloid phagocytes.