Examination of multiple birth as a predictor of autism symptom severity and developmental functioning in an early intervention sample.

Multiple birth is one of several perinatal factors associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, complexity in its relationship to ASD symptoms and developmental functioning remains. The present study investigated perinatal risk factors for ASD, primarily focusing on birth status, within a large early intervention sample. In particular, the relationship between ASD, perinatal factors, and the effect of birth status on developmental functioning and ASD symptom severity were examined in youth with and without ASD classification who were born singly or were the product of a multiple birth.

Factors Associated with Restricted, Repetitive Behaviors and Interests and Diagnostic Severity Level Ratings in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests (RRBIs). With the latest update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a severity level rating is assigned to the two core features of ASD (American Psychiatric Association in Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5 American Psychiatric Association Washington, D.C.

An Evaluation of a Mobile Application Designed to Teach Receptive Language Skills to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile application, Camp Discovery, designed to teach receptive language skills to children with autism spectrum disorder based on the principles of applied behavior analysis. Participants ( = 28) were randomly assigned to an immediate-treatment or a delayed-treatment control group. The treatment group made significant gains, < .

Gender Differences and Similarities: Autism Symptomatology and Developmental Functioning in Young Children.

A growing body of research suggests that symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present differently in males and females. This study examined gender differences in ASD symptoms and developmental functioning, using the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtism Traits, Part 1 (BISCUIT-Part 1) and the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-2), amongst children aged 17-37 months meeting ASD diagnostic criteria (n = 1317). No gender differences were found in regards to overall symptom severity or symptom domains on the BISCUIT-Part 1 when gender groups were matched by cognitive ability.

Gangrenous cholecystitis: innovative laparoscopic techniques to facilitate subtotal fenestrating cholecystectomy when a critical view of safety cannot be achieved.

Background: Gangrenous cholecystitis is associated with a higher conversion rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open than acute non-gangrenous cholecystitis. New strategies and techniques are needed to decrease conversion rates and improve outcomes.

Methods: In this article, we provide a richly detailed, illustrated description of a modified fundus-first technique that we have developed over the last 15 years and now use routinely with rare conversions.

Association Between Pediatric Psoriasis and Waist-to-Height Ratio in the Absence of Obesity: A Multicenter Australian Study.

Importance: Increasing evidence suggests that psoriasis poses a cardiometabolic risk in children, as in adults. The best way to screen for this has not yet been established. Waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) can easily identify children with increased central adiposity and is a simpler alternative to body mass index (BMI) that does not require growth charts or percentiles.

Factors affecting eyelid crease formation before and after silicone frontalis suspension for adult-onset myogenic ptosis.

Purpose: To evaluate factors that affect eyelid crease formation before and after frontalis suspension.

Design: Nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series.

Methods: Sixty-three patients (125 eyes) with myogenic ptosis were included.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis as a chronic disease: diagnostic criteria and definition.

Objective: Although recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is defined as 4 or more discrete attacks of vulvovaginal candidiasis per year, there is no diagnostic nomenclature or definition for the many women who are chronically symptomatic. This study aims to establish and propose a definition and a set of diagnostic criteria, which would enable clinicians to promptly identify and treat women with chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis (CVVC).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Incipient retinal vein occlusion following immunotherapy of periorbital basal cell carcinoma.

We report a case of retinal vein occlusion in a 54-year-old woman following treatment with topical imiquimod for a superficial basal cell carcinoma of the temple. Signs and symptoms resolved rapidly upon ceasing treatment. Although they are uncommon, it is important to recognise and promptly manage ophthalmic complications related to treatment with imiquimod in order to prevent serious sequelae such as macular oedema and neovascularization.

A comparative study of childhood psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and greater understanding of the overlapping condition, psoriasis-dermatitis.

Background And Objectives: Psoriasis (Pso) in children may be confused clinically with atopic dermatitis (AD) and, indeed, the two conditions may co-exist. The aim of this study was to determine historical and clinical features that are different in paediatric Pso and AD and to describe children who have features of both: psoriasis-dermatitis overlap (PD).

Methods: Children with features of psoriasis or eczema, or both, who were referred to paediatric outpatients and/or private rooms were evaluated.

Ocular myeloid sarcoma in a 10-year-old child.

A 10-year-old girl presented with a 2-week history of an elevated, red conjunctival mass. She was in remission from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and had two recurrences. Biopsy revealed a conjunctival myeloid sarcoma, an extramedullary lesion composed of cells of myeloid lineage that may present in children and adults, most commonly in the lymph nodes, skin, and subcutaneous tissues; it is less likely in ocular tissue.

Propranolol for recalcitrant ulcerated hemangioma of infancy.

Hemangioma of infancy (HOI) is a common, self-resolving, benign tumor that frequently requires no intervention. Ulceration is one of the main complications of HOI, and active treatment is usually required to manage pain, potential scarring, and occasionally bleeding and infection. Since the discovery that oral propranolol is an effective treatment for complicated HOI, it has been replacing systemic corticosteroids as first-line therapy, and early recommendations for treatment protocols have been devised.

Evaluation of the atrophogenic potential of topical corticosteroids in pediatric dermatology patients.

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study to determine the atrophogenic potential of TCS in children with dermatitis requiring long-term TCS suppression. Children who were able to achieve good disease control, with a maximum Eczema Area and Severity Index score of 1.0, using TCS were examined for adverse effects of treatment.

Corticosteroid phobia and other confounders in the treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis explored using parent focus groups.

Background/objectives: Anxieties associated with corticosteroid treatment and preference for 'safer natural therapy' are common in parents of children with atopic dermatitis. We used focus groups to explore the source of these attitudes.

Methods: The study involved 16 parents.

Childhood ocular rosacea: considerations for diagnosis and treatment.

Rosacea in children is not as well described as it is in adults. Ocular signs may be a dominant feature and some children with what has previously been called periorificial dermatitis may in fact have rosacea. We report three cases of paediatric ocular rosacea responding to prolonged treatment with oral erythromycin.

Albinism in Africa as a public health issue.

Background: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetically inherited autosomal recessive condition and OCA2, tyrosine-positive albinism, is the most prevalent type found throughout Africa. Due to the lack of melanin, people with albinism are more susceptible to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This population must deal with issues such as photophobia, decreased visual acuity, extreme sun sensitivity and skin cancer.

Mutants with temperature-sensitive defects in the Escherichia coli mismatch repair system: sensitivity to mispairs generated in vivo.

We have used direct selections to generate large numbers of mutants of Escherichia coli defective in the mismatch repair system and have screened these to identify mutants with temperature-sensitive defects. We detected and sequenced mutations that give rise to temperature-sensitive MutS, MutL, and MutH proteins. One mutation, mutS60, results in almost normal levels of spontaneous mutations at 37 degrees C but above this temperature gives rise to higher and higher levels of mutations, reaching the level of null mutations in mutS at 43 degrees C.