Socioeconomic status and the risk for colonisation or infection with priority bacterial pathogens: a global evidence map.

Low socioeconomic status likely exacerbates risks for bacterial infections; however, global evidence for this relationship has not been synthesised. We systematically reviewed the existing literature for studies detailing the socioeconomic status of participants and their risk for colonisation or community-acquired infection with priority bacterial pathogens that are increasingly becoming antibiotic resistant. 50 studies from 14 countries reported outcomes by the participants' educational attainment, access to health care, income level, residential crowding status, socioeconomic status deprivation score, community setting, or access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Socioeconomic status and the risk for colonization or infection with priority bacterial pathogens: a global evidence map.

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is thought to exacerbate risks for bacterial infections, but global evidence for this relationship has not been synthesized. We systematically reviewed the literature for studies describing participants' SES and their risk of colonization or community-acquired infection with priority bacterial pathogens. Fifty studies from 14 countries reported outcomes by participants' education, healthcare access, income, residential crowding, SES deprivation score, urbanicity, or sanitation access.

Race, ethnicity, and risk for colonization and infection with key bacterial pathogens: a scoping review.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in infectious disease burden have been reported in the USA and globally, most recently for COVID-19. It remains unclear whether such disparities also exist for priority bacterial pathogens that are increasingly antimicrobial-resistant. We conducted a scoping review to summarize published studies that report on colonization or community-acquired infection with pathogens among different races and ethnicities.

Physiologic Effects of Isolated or Synthetic Dietary Fiber in Children: A Scoping Review.

Background: Fiber is an integral part of a healthy diet. Studies have shown that the fiber intake in children is below adequate amounts, leading to adverse health outcomes.

Objectives: This study aimed to perform a scoping review to assess the available evidence for the impact of isolated and synthetic dietary fiber on children's health outcomes.

Effectiveness of ezetimibe in human immunodeficiency virus patients treated for hyperlipidaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis of lipid outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive or HIV-infected patients treated with ezetimibe.

Methods: We conducted a literature search from 1946 to 2021 for trials studying the effectiveness of ezetimibe in hyperlipidaemic HIV patients. We included trials of all designs in which HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)/non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) therapy had hyperlipidaemia, were treated with ezetimibe, and reported lipid outcomes.

Walnut intake, cognitive outcomes and risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Walnuts contain nutrients that are associated with improved cognitive health. To our knowledge, no review has systematically examined the effects of walnuts on cognitive function and risk for cognitive decline.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of walnut intake on cognition-related outcomes and risk-factors for cognitive decline in adults.

Burden of carbapenem non-susceptible infections in high-risk patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Owing to their resistance to an important class of antibiotics, the prevention and treatment of carbapenem-resistant (CR)/non-susceptible Gram-negative (GN) infections has become an important public health objective. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature to evaluate the burden of CR GN infections, focusing on high-risk patients such as transplant recipients, or patients with cancer, renal impairment, or sepsis.

Methods: MEDLINE®, Cochrane Central, and Embase® were searched between 2010 and March 2019.

Potato consumption and risk of cardio-metabolic diseases: evidence mapping of observational studies.

Background: Recent systematic review of clinical trials concluded that there was no convincing evidence to suggest an association between potatoes and risk of cardio-metabolic diseases.

Objective: Summarize observational study data related to potato intake and cardio-metabolic health outcomes in adults using evidence mapping to assess the need for a future systematic review.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE®, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and bibliographies for eligible observational studies published between 1946 and July 2020.

Blueberry Consumption and Exercise: Gap Analysis Using Evidence Mapping.

Strenuous muscular workouts can increase markers of inflammation that can potentially damage components of skeletal muscles. Blueberries contain a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals that have individually been related to reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. The objective was to conduct a systematic overview using evidence mapping to identify research-dense and evidence gap areas that examine the impact of blueberry consumption on exercise performance and inflammatory markers in adults.

The association between macular pigment optical density and visual function outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on data related to macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and visual function in adults with healthy eyes.

Methods: MEDLINE®, Cochrane, and Commonwealth of Agriculture Bureau abstracts databases were searched for English-language publications between 1946 and August 2018. Included studies examined correlation of MPOD and visual function in adults with healthy eyes at all timepoints and all designs, except for case-control, case reports, and reviews.

Pseudomonas infections among hospitalized adults in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Treatment of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection continues to be a challenge in Latin American countries (LATAM). We synthesize the literature on the use of appropriate initial antibiotic therapy (AIAT) and inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT) in P. aeruginosa infections, and the literature on risk factors for acquisition of resistant P.

Effects of Intake of Apples, Pears, or Their Products on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Apples and pears contain nutrients that have been linked to cardiovascular health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize related research. Medline, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau databases were searched for publications on apple or pear intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/ cardiometabolic disease (CMD).

Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies.

Background: Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their specific contribution.

Objective: We aimed to examine, for the first time, if there is consistent evidence that higher flavan-3-ol intake, irrespective of dietary source, reduces cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched for prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to March 2019 on flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Almond Consumption and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Evidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating almond consumption and risk factors for CVD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and previous systematic reviews were searched from 1990 through June 2017 for RCTs of ≥3 wk duration that evaluated almond compared with no almond consumption in adults who were either healthy or at risk for CVD.

Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiovascular health: a field synopsis using evidence mapping of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies.

Background: There is considerable interest in the impact of increased flavan-3-ol intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes outcomes. Through evidence mapping, we determined the extent of the evidence base to initiate a future systematic review investigating the impact of flavan-3-ol intake on CVD and diabetes outcomes.

Methods: We developed a research protocol, convened a technical expert panel (TEP) to refine the specific research questions, conducted a systematic search in multiple databases, double-screened abstracts and full-text articles, performed data extractions, and synthesized the data.

Risk factors for hospitalized patients with resistant or multidrug-resistant infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Identifying risk factors predicting acquisition of resistant will aid surveillance and diagnostic initiatives and can be crucial in early and appropriate antibiotic therapy. We conducted a systematic review examining risk factors of acquisition of resistant among hospitalized patients.

Methods: MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and Cochrane Central were searched between 2000 and 2016 for studies examining independent risk factors associated with acquisition of resistant , among hospitalized patients.

Avocado consumption and risk factors for heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nutrients in avocados are associated with cardiovascular benefits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of avocado intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with the use of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Design: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched from 1946 through September 2017 for publications on avocado intake and CVD risk.

Long-Term Health Outcomes in Women With Silicone Gel Breast Implants: A Systematic Review.

Background: Silicone gel breast implants were removed from the U.S. market for cosmetic use in 1992 owing to safety concerns.

Appropriate initial antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with gram-negative infections: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The rapid global spread of multi-resistant bacteria and loss of antibiotic effectiveness increases the risk of initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy (IAT) and poses a serious threat to patient safety. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to summarize the effect of appropriate antibiotic therapy (AAT) or IAT against gram-negative bacterial infections in the hospital setting.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched until May 2014 to identify English-language studies examining use of AAT or IAT in hospitalized patients with Gram-negative pathogens.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium skin infections after tattooing in healthy individuals: A systematic review of case reports.

In recent years, several case reports and outbreaks reported occurrence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections within 6 months after receiving a tattoo in healthy individuals. NTM species (e.g.

Opportunities and challenges in using studies without a control group in comparative effectiveness reviews.

When examining the evidence on therapeutic interventions to answer a comparative effectiveness research question, one should consider all studies that are informative on the interventions' causal effects. "Single group studies" evaluate outcomes longitudinally in cohorts of subjects who are managed with a single treatment strategy. Because these studies are "missing" a direct, concurrent comparison group, they are typically deemed non-informative on comparative effectiveness.