Unearthing who and Y at Harewood Cemetery and inference of George Washington's Y-chromosomal haplotype.

An excavation conducted at Harewood Cemetery to identify the unmarked grave of Samuel Washington resulted in the discovery of burials presumably belonging to George Washington's paternal grandnephews and their mother, Lucy Payne. To confirm their identities this study examined Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial, and autosomal DNA from the burials and a living Washington descendant. The burial's Y-STR profile was compared to FamilyTreeDNA's database, which resulted in a one-step difference from the living descendant and an exact match to another Washington.

African mitochondrial haplogroup L7: a 100,000-year-old maternal human lineage discovered through reassessment and new sequencing.

Archaeological and genomic evidence suggest that modern Homo sapiens have roamed the planet for some 300-500 thousand years. In contrast, global human mitochondrial (mtDNA) diversity coalesces to one African female ancestor ("Mitochondrial Eve") some 145 thousand years ago, owing to the ¼ gene pool size of our matrilineally inherited haploid genome. Therefore, most of human prehistory was spent in Africa where early ancestors of Southern African Khoisan and Central African rainforest hunter-gatherers (RFHGs) segregated into smaller groups.

Lipid Metabolism Influence on Neurodegenerative Disease Progression: Is the Vehicle as Important as the Cargo?

Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by abnormal protein aggregates, including the two most common neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In the global search to prevent and treat diseases, most research has been focused on the early stages of the diseases, including how these pathogenic protein aggregates are initially formed. We argue, however, that an equally important aspect of disease etiology is the characteristic of protein aggregates throughout the nervous system, a key process in disease progression.

Transcriptional responses to water stress and recovery in a drought-tolerant fescue wild grass (; Poaceae).

Water stress associated with drought-like conditions is a major factor limiting plant growth and impacts productivity of natural plant communities and agricultural crops. Molecular responses of plants to water stress have been studied most extensively in model species and crops, few of which have evolved natural drought tolerance. In the current study, we examined physiological and transcriptomic responses at multiple timepoints during increasing water stress and following initial recovery from stress in a drought-tolerant C species, .

Adjunct use of radiofrequency coblation for osteochondritis dissecans in children: A case report.

Rationale: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions involve disruption of the osteochondral unit along articular surfaces, with significant potential for joint deterioration if not managed appropriately.

Patient Concerns: A 15-year-old male presented with persistent and insidious right knee pain, which had worsened following a collision with another player during a basketball game, resulting in episodes of locking.

Diagnoses: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lateral trochlear OCD extending into the anterior lateral femoral condyle.

Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia and pathogen-specific antibody depletion after solid organ transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus infection: A brief report.

Hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) frequently occurs in recipients after types of (SOT). The incidence and significance of HGG in HIV+ recipients of SOT are just being explored. We reported that 12% of the recipients in the SOT in multi-center HIV-TR (HIV-TR) Study developed moderate or severe HGG at 1 year.

Spectator injuries in sports.

Introduction: Injury documentation and prevention has largely focused on the athletes participating in the sporting event. However, spectators are at risk for injury as well depending on the sport and venue. No study to date has recorded and analyzed spectator injuries in sports.

Male rutting calls synchronize reproduction in Serengeti wildebeest.

Tightly synchronized reproduction in vast wildebeest herds underpins the keystone role this iconic species plays in the Serengeti. However, despite decades of study, the proximate synchronizing mechanism remains unknown. Combining a season-long field experiment with simple stochastic process models, we show that females exposed to playback of male rutting vocalizations are over three times more synchronous in their expected time to mating than a control group isolated from all male stimuli.

Beta-2 adrenergic receptors increase TREG cell suppression in an OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model when mice are moderate aerobically exercised.

Background: The potency of T regulatory (TREG) cells to inhibit T helper (Th)-driven immune cell responses has been linked to increased intracellular cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels of TREG cells. In an ovalbumin (OVA)-driven allergic asthma mouse model, moderate aerobic exercise increases TREG cell function in a contact-dependent manner that leads to a significant reduction in chronic inflammation and restoration of lung function. However, the mechanism, whereby exercise increases TREG function, remains unknown and was the focus of these investigations.

Return to Driving After Hip Arthroscopy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate patients' braking performance using a modern driving simulator after undergoing a right hip arthroscopy.

Design: This prospective study included 5 total driving sessions at which measurements were taken.

Setting: The study was conducted at an academic medical center.

The Effect of High Intensity Interval Run Training on Cross-sectional Area of the Vastus Lateralis in Untrained College Students.

Aerobic cycling has been repeatedly shown to induce hypertrophy in skeletal muscle across a variety of populations, while there has been a lack of investigation into the impact of running upon hypertrophy. An increasingly popular model of aerobic exercise is high-intensity interval training (HIIT); in addition to its positive impact upon cardiovascular health, HIIT may be sufficient for inducing significant muscular hypertrophy. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of a high-intensity interval running protocol upon hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis in an untrained, young population.

Outcomes after arthroscopic fixation of tibial eminence fractures with bioabsorbable nails in skeletally immature patients.

The aim of this paper is to report the outcomes and any complications with arthroscopic bioabsorbable nail fixation of tibial eminence fractures in skeletally immature patients. We retrospectively reviewed all surgically treated tibial eminence fractures treated by a single surgeon and seven patients were identified with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Mean deficits of flexion and extension were minimal.

When celebrations go wrong: a case series of injuries after celebrating in sports.

Background: Athletes often engage in various celebration maneuvers during sports events. These celebrations can result in acute injuries. Our objective was to document publicized injuries in collegiate and professional athletes resulting from celebrations and examine associated variables.

Effect of Seed Blends and Soil-Insecticide on Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Emergence from mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab Bt Maize.

Seed blends containing various ratios of transgenic Bt maize (Zea mays L.) expressing the mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab proteins and non-Bt maize (near-isoline maize) were deployed alone and in combination with a soil applied pyrethroid insecticide (Force CS) to evaluate the emergence of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in a total of nine field environments across the Midwestern United States in 2010 and 2011.

Travel patterns of cancer surgery patients in a regionalized system.

Background: Regionalization of complex surgeries has increased patient travel distances possibly leaving a substantial burden on those at risk for poorer surgical outcomes. To date, little is known about travel patterns of cancer surgery patients in regionalized settings. To inform this issue, we sought to assess travel patterns of those undergoing a major cancer surgery within a regionalized system.

Performance-enhancing substances in sports: a review of the literature.

Performance-enhancing substances (PESs) have unfortunately become ubiquitous in numerous sports, often tarnishing the spirit of competition. Reported rates of PES use among athletes are variable and range from 5 to 31%. More importantly, some of these substances pose a serious threat to the health and well-being of athletes.

Short communication: Apoptosis pathways in HIV-1-infected patients before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy: relevance to immune recovery.

Investigations into apoptotic pathways, intrinsic and extrinsic, and the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on T cell death via those pathways may provide insight into the mechanisms of and barriers to immune recovery. HIV-1-infected patients were enrolled into a randomized, controlled study of the immune effects of a lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based versus an efavirenz (EFV)-based HAART regimen in antiretroviral-naive subjects with CD4(+) counts <350 cells/mm(3). Patients were randomized to receive TDF/FTC/EFZ or TDF/FTC plus LPV/r.

Delayed presentation of a cervical spine fracture dislocation with posterior ligamentous disruption in a gymnast.

Cervical spine injuries are uncommon but potentially devastating athletic injuries. We report a case of a girl gymnast who presented with a cervical spine fracture dislocation with posterior ligamentous disruption several days after injury. To our knowledge, this type of presentation with such severity of injury in a gymnast has not been reported in the literature.

Beta blocker treatment of infantile conjunctival hemangiomas--observations from 2 cases.

Infantile conjunctival hemangiomas are rare lesions in comparison to cutaneous and orbital capillary hemangiomas. They generally present several weeks following birth as a red stromal mass. Recent reports of cutaneous and orbital infantile hemangiomas involuting in response to oral or topical beta blocker treatment suggest that infantile conjunctival hemangiomas could respond similarly.

Applying an integrated refuge to manage western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): effects on survival, fitness, and selection pressure.

The refuge strategy can delay resistance of insect pests to transgenic maize producing toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This is important for the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), because of its history of adaptation to several management practices. A 2-yr study across four locations was conducted to measure the effects of integrated refuge (i.

Effect of Bt maize and soil insecticides on yield, injury, and rootworm survival: implications for resistance management.

A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects on Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of an insecticidal seed treatment (Poncho 1250, (AI)/clothianidin) and a granular insecticide (Aztec 2.1G, (AI)/tebupirimphos and cyfluthrin) alone and in combination with maize producing the insectidical toxin Cry3Bb1 derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

Activity of daptomycin with or without 25 percent ethanol compared to combinations of minocycline, EDTA, and 25 percent ethanol against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates embedded in biofilm.

Central venous catheters commonly develop central line-associated bloodstream infections. In vitro antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) was simulated on 10 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates imbedded in biofilm-coated silicon disks. Five days of 4-h daily exposures to daptomycin (2.

Beneficial effects of a switch to a Lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen for patients with partial or no immune reconstitution with highly active antiretroviral therapy despite complete viral suppression.

The purpose of this study was to determine if switching to an Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-containing regimen resulted in greater immune reconstitution in patients with immunologic failure despite complete viral suppression with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Twenty patients with partial or no immune response to HAART despite viral suppression were enrolled. Ten were randomized to stay on their current regimen and 10 were randomized to LPV/r plus their current NRTI backbone.