Identifying the most effective acute stress induction methods for producing SAM- and HPA-related physiological responses: a meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Laboratory-based stress inductions are commonly used to elicit acute stress but vary widely in their procedures and effectiveness. We compared the effects of stress induction techniques on measures of two major biological stress systems: the early sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and the delayed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response.

Design: A review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between stress induction techniques on cardiorespiratory and salivary measures of SAM and HPA system activity.

Emotional, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral responses to acute stress and uncertainty in military personnel.

Stress carries diverse implications for perceptual, cognitive, and affective functions. One population particularly susceptible to acute stress-induced cognitive changes are individuals with high-stress jobs (e.g.

Inhibitory Control Partially Mediates the Relationship between Metalinguistic Awareness and Perspective-Taking.

Increased metalinguistic awareness (MLA) has been associated with improved performance in tasks of theory of mind; researchers have proposed that individuals with increased MLA, such as bilinguals, rely on metalinguistic skills when completing tasks that require taking other people's perspective into account compared to other individuals who mostly rely on general executive control to complete the same tasks. MLA would, therefore, act as a less effortful path to understanding other perspectives, especially when they differ from one's own. However, the evidence underlying this claim is scant and largely limited to children's theoretical frameworks.

State and trait predictors of cognitive responses to acute stress and uncertainty.

Stress occurs when conditions burden or exceed an individual's adaptive resources. Military personnel are often tasked with maintaining peak performance under such stressful conditions. Importantly, the effects of stress are nuanced and may vary as a function of individual traits and states.

An item response theory approach to the measurement of working memory capacity.

Complex span tasks are perhaps the most widely used paradigm to measure working memory capacity (WMC). Researchers assume that all types of complex span tasks assess domain-general WM. However, most research supporting this claim comes from factor analysis approaches that do not examine task performance at the item level, thus not allowing comparison of the characteristics of verbal and spatial complex span tasks.

Characterizing Relationships Among the Cognitive, Physical, Social-emotional, and Health-related Traits of Military Personnel.

Introduction: Personnel engaged in high-stakes occupations, such as military personnel, law enforcement, and emergency first responders, must sustain performance through a range of environmental stressors. To maximize the effectiveness of military personnel, an a priori understanding of traits can help predict their physical and cognitive performance under stress and adversity. This work developed and assessed a suite of measures that have the potential to predict performance during operational scenarios.

What is theory of mind? A psychometric study of theory of mind and intelligence.

Theory of mind (ToM) is an essential ability for social competence and communication, and it is necessary for understanding behaviors that differ from our own (Premack & Woodruff, 1978). Recent research suggests that tasks designed to measure ToM do not adequately capture a single ToM ability (Warnell & Redcay, 2019; Quesque & Rossetti, 2020) and, instead, might be related to tasks of general cognitive ability (Coyle, Elpers, Gonzalez, Freeman, & Baggio, 2018). This hinders the interpretation of experimental findings and puts into question the validity of the ToM construct.

It Takes a Village: Using Network Science to Identify the Effect of Individual Differences in Bilingual Experience for Theory of Mind.

An increasing amount of research has examined the effects of bilingualism on performance in theory of mind (ToM) tasks. Bilinguals outperform monolinguals in ToM when comparing groups. However, it is unclear what aspects of the bilingual experience contribute to this effect in a dynamic construct like ToM.

Toward Predicting Human Performance Outcomes From Wearable Technologies: A Computational Modeling Approach.

Wearable technologies for measuring digital and chemical physiology are pervading the consumer market and hold potential to reliably classify states of relevance to human performance including stress, sleep deprivation, and physical exertion. The ability to efficiently and accurately classify physiological states based on wearable devices is improving. However, the inherent variability of human behavior within and across individuals makes it challenging to predict how identified states influence human performance outcomes of relevance to military operations and other high-stakes domains.

Adult bilinguals outperform monolinguals in theory of mind.

Theory of mind (ToM) is an essential ability for social competence and communication, and it is necessary for understanding behaviours that differ from our own. Research on bilingual children has reported that 3- and 4-year-old bilinguals outperform monolinguals in ToM tasks. Research suggests that adult bilinguals also might outperform monolinguals; nevertheless, this effect has yet to be established.

The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Intelligence: A Formative Approach.

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability understand that other people's mental states may be different from one's own. Psychometric models have shown that individual differences in ToM can largely be attributed to general intelligence () (Coyle et al. 2018).

Development and validation of the QUECOMIICAT questionnaire: a tool to assess disease-related knowledge in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: adequate knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential for a successful patient-centered management of IBD.

Objective: due to the scarcity of up-to-date tools for measuring IBD literacy, this single-center, prospective study aimed to develop and validate a new questionnaire to assess IBD-related knowledge.

Material And Methods: the study included patients followed up at the Crohn-Colitis Care Unit (UACC) at the Hospital Vall d'Hebron (Barcelona, Spain).

Patient preferences for inflammatory bowel disease treatment objectives.

Background: There is currently little evidence about what treatment objectives most interest patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aims: To determine patient preferences regarding IBD treatment objectives, specially the attributes they value most and the symptoms to be controlled as a priority.

Methods: Prospective, observational, anonymous study conducted in 117 outpatients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Iron Deficiency in the Absence of Anemia Impairs the Perception of Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Anemia is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and contributes to the deterioration of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Iron deficiency (ID) is a prevalent underlying factor, present in up to 90% of patients. In the absence of anemia, it is unclear as to what extent ID can affect HRQOL in patients with IBD.

Predictive value of early restoration of quality of life in Crohn's disease patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor agents.

Background And Aim: Crohn's disease (CD) impairs patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), therefore a goal of treatment is to improve their health. Recently, a more ambitious therapeutic target has been proposed, to reestablish patients' HRQoL to normal standards. There is no information on long-term prognostic value of restoring the health of patients with CD.

Questionnaries for measuring fatigue and its impact on health perception in inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: fatigue impacts perceived health, but its importance in inflammatory bowel disease is not known.

Objectives: to define the applicability of the fatigue measurement questionnaires and analyze it in patients with Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Material And Methods: in a first phase, the psychometric properties of 3 fatigue measurement questionnaires were determined in 99 patients: Daily Fatigue Impact Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.